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Opioids and alpha-2-agonists for analgesia and sedation in newborn infants : protocol of a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Hospitalized newborn infants may require analgesia and sedation either for the management of procedural pain, during or after surgery, and other painful conditions. The benefits and harms of opioids administered at different doses and routes of administration have been reported in numerous trials and systematic reviews. The use of alpha-2-agonists such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine

A scale-dependent model to represent changing aerodynamic roughness of ablating glacier ice based on repeat topographic surveys

Turbulent fluxes make a substantial and growing contribution to the energy balance of ice surfaces globally, but are poorly constrained owing to challenges in estimating the aerodynamic roughness length (z0). Here, we used structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) surveys to make plot-scale 2-D and 3-D microtopographic estimations of z0 and upscale these to ma

Modeling SHH-driven medulloblastoma with patient iPS cell-derived neural stem cells

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Here we describe a medulloblastoma model using Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived human neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells generated from a Gorlin syndrome patient carrying a germline mutation in the sonic hedgehog (SHH) receptor PTCH1. We found that Gorlin NES cells formed tumors in mouse cerebellum mimicking human medul

Beam dynamics of the ESS linac

The ESS linac will deliver an unprecedented 5 MW of average beam power when completed. Beyond the 90 MeV normal conducting front-end, the acceleration is performed using superconducting structures up to the design energy of 2 GeV. As the ESS will send the beam to a fixed tungsten target, the emittance is not as important a factor as in injectors. However, the losses have to be studied in detail, i

Herkogamy, a principal functional trait of plant reproductive biology

Premise of research. Phenotypic traits that consistently mediate species’ responses to environmental variation (functional traits) provide a promising approach toward generalizing ecological and evolutionary patterns and thereby gaining insights into the processes generating them. In the plant functional ecology literature, most trait-based studies have focused on traits mediating either resource

Experimental characterization of nonlinear harmonic generation in planar and helical undulators

We present an experimental characterization of the process of coherent harmonic generation in single-pass free electron lasers. The harmonic radiation is obtained by seeding the electron beam stored in the Elettra storage ring with a Ti:sapphire laser. Different methods for generating harmonics are compared between them, and a detailed characterization of the emitted light is performed for differe

Type II general exponential class of distributions

In this paper, a new class of continuous distributions with two extra positive parameters is introduced and is called the Type II General Exponential (TIIGE) distribution. Some special models are presented. Asymptotics, explicit expressions for the ordinary and incomplete moments, moment residual life, reversed residual life, quantile and generating functions and stress-strengh reliability functio

Expanding the EU Internal Market without Enlarging the Union: Constitutional Limitations

One of the most significant roles of the EU in the world is that of being a norms exporter. The EU has concluded numerous agreements with countries in its neighbourhood with the aim of encouraging third countries to adopt EU acquis in exchange for access to the internal market. The most ambitious of these agreements are the three multilateral agreements establishing the European Economic Area, the

Midlife physical activity is associated with lower incidence of vascular dementia but not Alzheimer's disease

BACKGROUND: Physical activity might reduce the risk of developing dementia. However, it is still unclear whether the protective effect differs depending on the subtype of dementia. We aimed to investigate if midlife physical activity affects the development of vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) differently in two large study populations with different designs.METHODS: Using a pro

‘War of Theology’: The Theological Aspect of the Split between Jabhat al-Nusra and the Islamic State in Iraq in 2013.

On the morning of the 8th of April 2013, the world woke up to Abu Bakr Al- Baghdadi, the leader of what was called the Islamic State in Iraq or ISI, announcing the expansion of his group from Iraq into Syria. Al-Baghdadi also announced the merger of ISI and Jabhat al-Nusra (JN) into a new group called the Islamic State in Iraq and al-Sham or ISIS. Only one day after the announcement, JN released a

Autonomic ganglionic injection of α-synuclein fibrils as a model of pure autonomic failure α-synucleinopathy

α-Synucleinopathies are characterized by autonomic dysfunction and motor impairments. In the pure autonomic failure (PAF), α-synuclein (α-Syn) pathology is confined within the autonomic nervous system with no motor features, but mouse models recapitulating PAF without motor dysfunction are lacking. Here, we show that in TgM83+/− mice, inoculation of α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the stellate

Micro-Dynamics of Repression: How Interactions between Protesters and Security Forces Shaped the Bahraini Uprising

The article applies a micro-sociological approach to investigate civil-military relations in a very concrete form: How do interactions between protesters and security forces shape the development of a conflict? Based on fieldwork in Bahrain and interviews with activists, journalists and opposition politicians, the article analyses the micro-sociological dynamics of how, despite great numbers and m