During the last glacial–interglacial cycle, Arctic biotas experienced substantial climatic changes, yet the nature, extent and rate of their responses are not fully understood1–8. Here we report a large-scale environmental DNA metagenomic study of ancient plant and mammal communities, analysing 535 permafrost and lake sediment samples from across the Arctic spanning the past 50,000 years. Furtherm

In 2015, FIGO revised the 1987 intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) classification (FIGO1987). A less radical FIGO2015 version was introduced in Sweden 2017 (SWE2017). Now, post hoc simulation studies show that FIGO2015 and SWE2017 are less reliable than (a modified) FIGO1987. FIGO2015 shows significantly better interobserver agreement for normal CTG traces than FIGO1987, but significantly worse for

Lipids preserved within the walls of ancient pottery vessels are routinely analysed to reveal their original contents. The provenience of aquatic lipids in pottery is generally connected to vessel function (e.g., for cooking or storing fish, shellfish and aquatic mammals). However, ethnographic reports from early historic Alaska mention the use of aquatic oils for waterproofing low-fired pottery.

This work presents an on-chip memory subsystem envisioned for real-time applications performing Oriented FAST and Rotated Brief (ORB) feature extraction for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems. For autonomous navigation of battery-powered devices, feature-based SLAM is a computationally frugal alternative to direct methods. This paper thoroughly analyses ORB multiple memory access

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a global disruption to higher education, especially in engineering education, where many teaching and learning activities are difficult or impossible to conduct online. This study examines the changes in the students’ experiences of this disruption using a 26-item process-oriented course experience questionnaire (CEQ) that was already in use in the Faculty of Engineeri

The Neolithization of Northern Eurasia is marked by the emergence of pottery among hunter-gatherer societies. The driving forces behind the adoption of ceramic cooking vessels among non-agricultural societies remain unclear, although previous research, mainly in North East Asia (e.g. Japan, Korea and the Russian Far East), suggests that it was adopted as a specialist technology for processing aqua

During the Late Glacial, hunter-gatherers began using ceramic cooking containers in three separate geographic regions of East Asia: China, Japan and in the Russian Far East. While recent research has clarified the use of early pottery in Japan, very little is known about what led to the emergence of pottery in the other two areas, including the likely environmental, economic or cultural drivers. I

Annual rates of adrenalectomy have doubled in the last 20 years as a consequence of increased detection of adrenal incidentalomas, improved biochemical diagnosis, genetic screening, and minimally invasive surgical techniques. Most adrenal incidentalomas are benign non-functional adrenocortical adenomas. Functional adrenal tumours are associated with high morbidity if left untreated, and this may b

Along with the rapid development of containerization technology, remarkable benefits have been created for developers and operation teams, and overall software infrastructure. Although lots of effort has been devoted to enhancing containerization security, containerized environments still have a huge attack surface. This paper proposes a secure cloud service for generating a Linux security module,

Arctic archaeologists generally accept that Dorset Paleo-Inuit (Tuniit) (c. 800 BC-1300 AD) toolkits exhibit high levels of typological uniformity across Arctic Canada and Greenland. This understanding implies that the artifacts were likely produced according to a standardized set of practices that were somehow ÷einforced over time and shared across the isolated sites and communities inhabiting th

Software startups use prototyping to develop and test business ideas and to validate market viability. While prototyping is emphasized in agile methods, there is little research on how startups can best utilise scarce resources to effectively use prototypes in their dynamic business context. We performed a case study of four startups and investigated how startups currently use prototyping to elici

Background: Prototyping is an established practice for user interface design and for requirements engineering within agile software development, even so there is a lack of theory on prototyping. Aims: The main research objective is to provide a means to categorise prototyping instances, in order to enable comparison and reflection of prototyping practices. Method: We have performed a systematic ma

Large-scale software engineering is a collaborative effort where teams need to communicate to develop software products. Managers face the challenge of how to organise work to facilitate necessary communication between teams and individuals. This includes a range of decisions from distributing work over teams located in multiple buildings and sites, through work processes and tools for coordinatin

Nephelometers are regularly used for air quality monitoring through scattering measurements of aerosols in the atmosphere. Less attention has been paid to the potential of estimating soot morphological parameters from nephelometer measurements in combination with scattering theory. In this work, we perform a fundamental laboratory study where an Ecotech Aurora 3000 nephelometer is used for measuri

In a recent article we presented a model for hadronic rescattering, and some results were shown for pp collisions at LHC energies. In order to extend the studies to pA and AA collisions, the Angantyr model for heavy-ion collisions is taken as the starting point. Both these models are implemented within the general-purpose Monte Carlo event generator Pythia, which makes the matching reasonably stra

Objectives: To comprehend the relationship between various indicators of health service equity and patients’ health expenditure poverty in different regions of China, identify areas where equity in health service is lacking and provide ideas for improving patients’ health expenditure poverty. Method: Data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018 and the HFGT index formula were used to calcul

Background: We report the effects of the presentation of an idiopathic subdural hematoma (SDH) in an adult domestic pig on the glymphatic system, a brain-wide solute clearance system. This accidental finding is based on our recently published study that described this system for the first time in large mammals. Our current results define the need to investigate cerebrovascular pathologies that cou

Background: Semi-natural pastures are unfertilized grasslands with a long history of traditional low-input grazing management. This kind of pastures are recognized for their high species richness. However, as a consequence of modernization of agriculture, many of the semi-natural pastures have been lost during the last century, leading to a serious threat to farmland biodiversity. Semi-natural pas

In the past, development of the PYTHIA event generator has mainly concentrated on the physics of proton–proton collisions at high energies, as this is the most important case to modern high energy physics experiments. However, there are situations where more generic beam configurations are relevant. This thesis presents implementations and applications of such processes in PYTHIA. The two applicat