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Impaired cerebrospinal fluid transport due to idiopathic subdural hematoma in pig : an unusual case

Background: We report the effects of the presentation of an idiopathic subdural hematoma (SDH) in an adult domestic pig on the glymphatic system, a brain-wide solute clearance system. This accidental finding is based on our recently published study that described this system for the first time in large mammals. Our current results define the need to investigate cerebrovascular pathologies that cou

What is the effect of giving the grazers access to additional nutrient sources on biodiversity in semi-natural pastures? A systematic review protocol

Background: Semi-natural pastures are unfertilized grasslands with a long history of traditional low-input grazing management. This kind of pastures are recognized for their high species richness. However, as a consequence of modernization of agriculture, many of the semi-natural pastures have been lost during the last century, leading to a serious threat to farmland biodiversity. Semi-natural pas

Hadronic Interactions at High and Low Energies

In the past, development of the PYTHIA event generator has mainly concentrated on the physics of proton–proton collisions at high energies, as this is the most important case to modern high energy physics experiments. However, there are situations where more generic beam configurations are relevant. This thesis presents implementations and applications of such processes in PYTHIA. The two applicat

Discrimination and Quality of Life Among Marriage-Squeezed Men in Rural China : Unexpected Functions of Structural and Functional Social Support

In rural China, marriage-squeezed men are more likely to experience discrimination than other males. Using data collected from Anhui Province in China on marriage-squeezed men’s quality of life, this study examines the influence of discrimination on the quality of life and the buffering effect of social support among this cohort. The results show that discrimination is a strong stressor, and its n

Late Campylobacter jejuni mastitis after augmentation mammoplasty

Breast implant-associated infections (BIAI) occur in approximately 2% of patients after augmentation mammoplasty. In some cases, BIAI can be treated conservatively, whereas others need implant removal. Knowledge of uncommon potential pathogens in BIAI is important to ensure optimal treatment of BIAI. In the present case report, we describe a case of bilateral late Campylobacter jejuni mastitis in

On heat transfer and flow characteristics of jets impingement on a concave surface with varying pin-fin arrangements

Numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the effects of pin-fin arrangement and jet Reynolds number on heat transfer enhancement and flow characteristics of a concave confined jet impingement cooled surface conjugated with pin-fins. The results without a pin-fin are used as a baseline. Vortices and different sections of streamlines in the channel are employed to understand the flow

Antileukotrienes for the prevention and treatment of chronic lung disease in very preterm newborns : a systematic review

Background: Very preterm infants are at high risk of developing chronic lung disease, which requires respiratory support and might have long-term sequelae. As lung inflammation plays an important role in pathogenesis, antileukotrienes have been explored in both clinical and animal studies. We aimed to assess the benefits and harms of antileukotrienes for the prevention and treatment of respiratory

Combustion sensitivity to the nozzle hole size in an active pre-chamber ultra-lean heavy-duty natural gas engine

Active pre-chamber configurations are considered a valuable solution for improving the operation of the internal combustion engine, in the view to overcome the many challenges it has been made to face. Combining this technology with the use of natural gas, a fuel that has increasing availability and interest in the market share, it is possible to burn ultra-lean mixtures (with air-to-fuel ratios,

Efficient and timely downstream passage solutions for European silver eels at hydropower dams

The European eel population is critically endangered due to a multitude of human-induced factors such as habitat fragmentation, parasites, fishing, and climate change. In freshwater, downstream migrating silver eels encountering hydroelectric plants often suffer substantial delays and increased mortality from trash-rack impingement and turbine-induced mortality. Downstream passage problems can be

A spatiotemporal ensemble model to predict gross beta particulate radioactivity across the contiguous United States

Particulate radioactivity, a characteristic of particulate matter, is primarily determined by the abundance of radionuclides that are bound to airborne particulates. Exposure to high levels of particulate radioactivity has been associated with negative health outcomes. However, there are currently no spatially and temporally resolved particulate radioactivity data for exposure assessment purposes.

Nasopharyngeal cultures in children with AOM – A retrospective study on bacteriological findings and impact on management

Background: Despite a far from perfect correlation with middle ear growth, nasopharyngeal cultures are sometimes used in children with acute otitis media (AOM) in order to have some idea of the causative pathogen. How these cultures are used in clinical practice and to what extent they influence clinical management has not previously been studied. The objective with this study was to investigate i

Numerical modelling of wood under combined loading of compression perpendicular to the grain and rolling shear

Numerical modeling is an efficient tool for experimental validation and for gaining a deeper understanding of complex material phenomena, especially when causal relationships are overlaid by material variability. Wood is such a highly orthotropic and complex material, which in engineering problems however is considered as macro-homogeneous. The aim of this study is to numerically investigate stres

Direct Cannula Implantation in the Cisterna Magna of Pigs

The glymphatic system is a waste clearance system in the brain that relies on the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in astrocyte-bound perivascular spaces and has been implicated in the clearance of neurotoxic peptides such as amyloid-beta. Impaired glymphatic function exacerbates disease pathology in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, which highlights the importance

Demonstration and pantomime in the evolution of teaching and communication

The article begins with a presentation of the role of demonstration and pantomime in the evolution of teaching building on Gärdenfors and Högberg (2017). In comparison to different forms of animal communication, demonstration is voluntary, intentional, honest, and directed to one or a few individuals. Then the differences between demonstration and pantomime is analyzed. An important factor is that

Bayesian Network Applications for Sustainable Holistic Water Resources Management : Modeling Opportunities for South Africa

Anthropogenic transformation of land globally is threatening water resources in terms of quality and availability. Managing water resources to ensure sustainable utilization is important for a semiarid country such as South Africa. Bayesian networks (BNs) are probabilistic graphical models that have been applied globally to a range of water resources management studies; however, there has been ver

Correlates of intended COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across time and countries : Results from a series of cross-sectional surveys

Objective Describe demographical, social and psychological correlates of willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Setting Series of online surveys undertaken between March and October 2020. Participants A total of 25 separate national samples (matched to country population by age and sex) in 12 different countries were recruited through online panel providers (n=25 334). Primary outcome measures

A Systematic review of individual Placement and Support, Employment, and Personal and Clinical recovery

Objective:The objective of this review was to assess associations between Individual Placement and Support (IPS), employment, and personal and clinical recovery among persons with severe mental illness at 18-month follow-up.Methods:A systematic literature search identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IPS with services as usual. Outcomes were self-esteem, empowerment, quality of l