Cellulose is insoluble in water and many organic solvents, but can be dissolved in a number of solvents of intermediate properties, like N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) and ionic liquids (ILs). It can also be dissolved in water at high and low pHs, in particular if a cosolute of intermediate polarity is added. The insolubility in water is often referred to strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding

Background: Asthma genetics has been extensively studied and many genes have been associated with the development or severity of this disease. In contrast, the genetic basis of allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been evaluated as extensively. It is well known that asthma is closely related with AR since a large proportion of individuals with asthma also present symptoms of AR, and patients with AR hav

An increasing number of oscillating or fluctuating cellular systems have been recently described following the adaptation of fluorescent technology. In diverse organisms, these variously involve signalling factors, heat production, central metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In response to many plant stresses and primarily via the influence of ROS, changes in mRNA and protein levels or i

A high volume of acute chest pain patients, poor early diagnosis and high admission rates result in high resource utilization. In 1000 consecutively chest pain patients the majority of the direct cost was found due to admission time. The difference between mean cost of an “ACS-rule-out” admission and a discharge from the ED was 6.2 kSEK (9.7 kSEK in 2011). Early diagnosis can be improved by 1)

Aims. The present study was conducted to determine the optical extinction curve for Cerro Paranal under typical clear-sky observing conditions, with the purpose of providing the community with a function to be used to correct the observed spectra, with an accuracy of 0.01 mag airmass(-1). Additionally, this work was meant to analyze the variability of the various components, to derive the main atm

Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are global health problems leading to deterioration in patients' quality of life and more serious prognosis in patients with chronic diseases. The cause of iron deficiency and anemia is ususally a combination of increased loss and decreased intestinal absorption and delivery from iron stores due to inflammation. Oral iron is first line treatment, but ofte

A tritrophic relationship involving the plant Croton floribundus Spreng (Euphorbiaceae), an unidentified gall-midge belonging to either Clinodiplosis Kieffer 1895 or Alycaulus Rübsaamen 1916 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and a new species of parasitic wasp belonging to Omphale Haliday 1833 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is described. The gall and Omphale japii sp. nov., are described and illustrated. This

Manganese superoxide dismutases (MnSODs) are enzymes that convert two molecules of the poisonous superoxide radical into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. During the reaction, the manganese ion cycles between the Mn(2+) and Mn(3+) oxidation states and accomplishes its enzymatic action in two half-cycles (corresponding to the oxidation and reduction of O(2)(*-)). Despite many experimental and

Decentralisation is considered a potentially effective strategy for participatory development and delivery of assistance, particularly in the context of rural development. It contributes to reduction of inequality and poverty and, thus, promotes local democracy. India and Indonesia have considerable social and economic inequality and poverty. Though both countries have opted for devolving power to

We have studied nuclear structure and reaction properties of even-even oxygen isotopes (O12-28), from proton drip line to neutron drip line. We have used relativistic mean field model to calculate 2-n separation energy, rms matter radii, rms charge radii, neutron skin effect and the total reaction cross section with oxygen isotopes as a projectile and C-12 as a target at high energies using the Gl

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bakgrund Uppskattningsvis har 34 miljoner människor världen över någon typ av demenssjukdom. Sjukdomarna leder till stort lidande för både patienter och anhöriga och beräknas kosta samhället 422 miljarder amerikanska dollar årligen. Den vanligaste demenssjukdomen är Alzheimers sjukdom och den utgör ca 60–70% av alla demenssjukdomar. Sjukdomarna blir allt vanligare och åBackground It is estimated that 34 million people suffer from dementia, costing society US$422 billion each year. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common dementia and the global prevalence is predicted to increase to over 100 million people by the year 2050, with the greatest increase in developing countries. Therefore, inexpensive and efficient instruments are required for investigation and e

The emulsification process is primarily determined by the rate of fragmentation and coalescence of emulsion drops. However, there is presently no fast, reliable method for measuring these rates for pilot and production scale high pressure homogenizers. In this paper a method for simultaneous estimating fragmentation and coalescence is developed and tested based on the work of Hounslow and Ni (2004

Time spent waiting is frequently regarded as time wasted, and therefore as something to be avoided or at least minimized. In this article, however, waiting is viewed from an organizational perspective: delay and waiting are seen as integral to the strategic functioning of organizations, and to their handling of individual requests. Various kinds of waiting or intended organizational delays are des

The contribution's main objective is the treatment of non-classical nonlinear thermoelasticity based on the approach of Green and Naghdi within the context of the material force method. Material forces have proven to be well suited for the examination of defect mechanics and have become a very powerful and active research topic over the last decades. The numerical realization is based on finite el

The semantic formalism reference attribute grammars (RAGs) allows graphs to be superimposed on abstract syntax trees. This paper investigates how RAGs can be used to model visual languages, with a case study of a control language that also has a textual syntax. The language contains blocks on which a total execution order is defined based on connections and layout information. One strength of RAGs

Recension av Marie Moutier, Wehrmachtsoldaternas brev från fronten 1939–1945.

The physics of extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulse trains generated during the interaction between an intense laser pulse and a gas medium is presented, including a simple model based on the solution of the classical equations of motion of an electron in an oscillating laser field. The reconstruction of attosecond beating by the interference of a two-photon transition is described and used to det