We consider general prepare-and-measure scenarios in which Alice can transmit qubit states to Bob, who can perform general measurements in the form of positive operator-valued measures (POVMs). We show that the statistics obtained in any such quantum protocol can be simulated by the purely classical means of shared randomness and two bits of communication. Furthermore, we prove that two bits of co

The electrochemical growth of Au nanowires in a template of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide was investigated in situ by means of grazing-incidence transmission small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering (GTSAXS and GTWAXS), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and two-dimensional surface optical reflectance. The XRF and the overall intensity of the GTWAXS patterns as a function of time were used to monitor the

Atmospheric inversions provide estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes between the surface and atmosphere based on atmospheric CO2 concentration observations. The number of CO2 observations is projected to increase severalfold in the next decades from expanding in situ networks and next-generation CO2-observing satellites, providing both an opportunity and a challenge for inversions. This study i

Increasing iron (Fe) concentrations have been reported for freshwaters across northern Europe over the last decades. This increase, together with elevated concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), leads to browning of freshwaters, which affects aquatic organisms, ecosystem functioning, biogeochemical cycles, and brings challenges to drinking water production. However, how such increasing t

This paper presents LuMaMi28, a real-time 28GHz multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) testbed. In this testbed, the base station has 16 transceiver chains with a fully-digital beamforming architecture (with different pre-coding algorithms) and simultaneously supports multiple user equipments (UEs) with spatial multiplexing. The UEs are equipped with a beam-switchable antenna array

Mikroskopi är idag ett fundamentalt verktyg inom forskning, där det tillåter oss att skåda in och utforska våra prover i hög detalj. Mycket utav utvecklingen av nya mikroskopimetoder har strävat efter att öka den detaljnivå vi kan uppnå. Samtidigt har utvecklingen inom hårdvara, med tillgång till bättre och mer kraftfulla instrument, lett till utveckligen av metoder där fokuset är att studera en h

Recension av Mattias Legnérs bok

Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:. To assess the effects of caffeine compared to aminophylline or theophylline in preterm infants at risk of apnea, with apnea, or in the peri-extubation phase.

Background Women's pregnancy history is associated with incident risk of coronary artery disease with some evidence also suggesting a relevance for prognosis following treatment. Objectives To study the associations between maternal history of preterm delivery, a history of small for gestational age infant, parity and age at first delivery with clinical restenosis after percutaneous coronary inter

The nature of the few known solar-mass stars simultaneously containing debris disks and planets remains an open question. A number of works have shown that this property appears to be independent of planetary masses as well as of stellar age, but possible correlations with stellar kinematics and metallicity have not been investigated. In this paper, we show that the majority of known stars contain

We do not know if fracture predicting factors are constant throughout life, if they can be assessed earlier in life, and for how long. The aim was to study the association between questions about health status and mobility and fragility fractures in a cohort during a 35-year follow-up. A cohort of 16,536 men and women in two age groups, 26–45 and 46–65 years old, who answered five questions of the

2021 marked the 30-year anniversary of the publication Fatal Years: Child Mortality in the late Nineteenth-Century United States, a pioneering work in historical demography by Samuel H. Preston and Michael R. Haines. This special issue showcases the current state of historical mortality studies through a collection of articles originally presented at two commemorative sessions at the 2021 meeting

Hematopoiesis is regulated by the bone marrow (BM) stroma. However, cellular identities and functions of the different BM stromal elements in humans remain poorly defined. Based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), we systematically characterized the human non-hematopoietic BM stromal compartment and we investigated stromal cell regulation principles based on the RNA velocity analysis using s

Background and Objectives: With an ageing population, the number of older persons with substance use problems, particularly problematic alcohol use, is increasing. Despite grow­ing recognition of the negative consequences of problematic alcohol use on older persons, there is a dearth of knowledge about the alcohol use profiles and the dimensionality of alcohol problems in older people. Moreover, l

Optimization of Affibody molecules would allow for high contrast imaging of cancer associated surface receptors using molecular imaging. The primary aim of the thesis was to develop Affibody-based PET imaging agents to provide the highest possible sensitivity of RTK detection in vivo. The thesis evaluates the effect of radiolabelling chemistry on biodistribution and targeting properties of Affibod