OBJECTIVES: Our goal in this study was to explore the use of a hybrid approach to calculate benchmark doses (BMDs) and their 95% lower confidence bounds (BMDLs) for renal effects of cadmium in a population with low environmental exposure. METHODS: Morning urine and blood samples were collected from 820 Swedish women 53-64 years of age. We measured urinary cadmium (U-Cd) and tubular effect markers

Some years ago terminal pumping for the gas stripper system at the 3 MV Lund Tandem Pelletron accelerator was installed and charge state distribution measurements using the new installation were reported. Since then, new modifications of the mechanical design of the stripper system have been made. The results of pressure profile measurements as well as the results of charge state distribution meas

We have performed x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, x-ray resonant magnetic scattering and scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements on ultrathin Co films deposited on flat and vicinal Cu(111). The range of film thickness varies between one and 25 monolayers. For the vicinal Cu(111), Co deposition below one monolayer leads to the formation of elongated islands preferentially oriented along the

The Conference on Disarmament, Geneva and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Stockholm; its use in the process of joint decision making.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Diabetes kännetecknas av konstant förhöjt blodsocker. Sjukdomen ökar lavinartat, och har beskrivits som en av det moderna samhällets stora epidemier. Diabetes förekommer i två huvudsakliga former, typ 1 och typ 2. I typ 1-diabetes, som framför allt drabbar barn och ungdomar, har de insulinproducerande beta-cellerna förstörts av kroppens immunförsvar. Patienter med typ 1Defective insulin secretion is a central feature in diabetes mellitus and results from reduced pancreatic beta-cell mass as well as aberrant beta-cell function. The pathophysiology of diabetes is incompletely known, but a strong hereditary component is suggested. This thesis investigates the genetic and cellular basis for impaired insulin release by employing a number of cell-physiological and bio

The aim of this paper is to compare general assumptions about newspaper reading with eye tracking data from readers authentic interaction with the newspaper. In the first step, we extract assumptions about newspaper reading from the (socio)semiotic literature. Second, we apply these assumptions in an analysis of a newspaper spread. The newspaper spread is analysed without any knowledge of the actu

A newly developed optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system has been applied to the monitoring of atomic mercury emissions at several chlor-alkali plants in Europe. The versatility of the system is illustrated by measured time series of mercury flux and movies of vertical and horizontal concentration distributions, which yield important input parameters

This dissertation deals with the concept of health in relation to the subject "Nursing" (Omvårdnad). "Nursing"is the principal subject in nursing education in Sweden today and can be translated both as "nursing" and as "caring". The aim of the dissertation is to survey, describe and analyse the theoretical concept of health and to provide examples of nursing activities that enhance/hinder health.

Extraction and chromatographic separation of fat-soluble vitamins is a challenging task, due to the sensitivity of these compounds towards light, oxygen, heat and pH. In light of this, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) are attractive techniques as they function at considerably milder conditions than conventional solvent-based analytical techniques. M

Methods for modelling the behaviour of light in materials which not only absorb, but also scatter light are reviewed, with special emphasis on the Monte Carlo method and Kubelka-Munk theory as applied to biological samples. Two methods for checking model performance are also described, namely determination of photon transit times and fiberoptic measurement of light inside tissues. The directional

The duality between cost and flow is well known and carefully studiedin several scientific fields, including economics and fluid mechanics.The purpose of this paper is to show how this duality relates to thebasic concepts of nonlinear control theory for ordinary differentialequations. A duality theorem for optimal control is derived using theHahn-Banach theorem. This puts focus on convexity aspect

Hydrophobically modified dextrans, benzoyl dextran and valeryl dextran, have been used to study the interactions between tryptophan residues and benzoyl or valeryl groups by partitioning of tryptophan, tryptophan-tryptophan, (tryptophan)3, poly(lysine, tryptophan), β-galactosidase and lysozyme in polymer aqueous two-phase systems. The two-phase systems used were polyethylene glycol (PEG)-benzoyl d