This paper evaluates to what extent policy-makers have been able to promote the creation and consolidation of comprehensive research groups that contribute to the implementation of a successful innovation system. Malmquist productivity indices are applied in the case of the Spanish Food Technology Program, finding that a large size and a comprehensive multi-dimensional research output are the key

This study evaluated the effects of retinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and pre-treatment with the potent and specific aldose reductase inhibitor fidarestat on apoptosis, aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase expression, sorbitol pathway intermediate concentrations, and oxidative-nitrosative stress. Female Wistar rats were pre-treated with either vehicle (N-methyl-D-elucamine) or fidare

We demonstrate radio frequency single-electron transistors fabricated from epitaxially grown InAs/InP heterostructure nanowires. Two sets of double-barrier wires with different barrier thicknesses were grown. The wires were suspended 15 nm above a metal gate electrode. Electrical measurements on a high-resistance nanowire showed regularly spaced Coulomb oscillations at a gate voltage from -0.5 to

We investigated the brain-tissue response to nanowire implantations in the rat striatum after 1, 6, and 12 weeks using immunohistochemistry. The nanowires could be visualized in the scar by confocal microscopy (through the scattered laser light). For the nanowire-implanted animals, there is a significant astrocyte response at week 1 compared to controls. The nanowires are phagocytized by ED1 posit

Purpose This paper investigates contracts of the intermodal transport market and the incentives they create for a modal shift and thus the financial and environmental efficiency of freight transport. Design/methodology/approach The research used a mixed-methods approach where qualitative case interviews and quantitative modeling was combined. Two cases of contractual relationships between a serv

Candelaria concolor was recently revised and the majority of the Scandinavian collections was found to belong to C. pacifica. Candelaria concolor is a rare species with a southwestern distribution in the Nordic countries. It is growing on deciduous trees in open landscapes. Maps of the distribution of the two species in the Nordic countries are presented.

Swedish Health and Medical Services act states that good care should be given to the entire population on equal terms. Still studies show that access to care in Sweden differ related to for example gender and socioeconomic variables. One of the areas in Swedish health care that has attracted attention for potential inequity in access is Cataract Extraction (CE). Previous studies of access to CE in

Nanowire plasmons can be launched by illumination at one terminus of the nanowire and emission can be detected at the other end of the wire. Using polarization dependent dark-held scattering spectroscopy, we measure how the polarization of the emitted light depends on the polarization of the incident light. We observe that the shape of the nanowire termination plays an important role in determinin

A nonlinear upconversion detector shows near-shot-noise-limited performance and compares favorably-while adding additional imaging information-to conventional cryogenic detectors in the measurement of tracelevel gases at atmospheric pressure.

Invasive infections and sterile tissue damage can both give rise to systemic inflammation with fever and production of inflammatory mediators. This makes it difficult to diagnose infections in patients who are already inflamed, e.g. due to cell and tissue damage. For example, fever in patients with hematological malignancies may depend on infection, lysis of malignant cells, and/or chemotherapy-in

An understanding of which native species are severely impacted by an anthropogenic change (such as the arrival of an invasive species) and which are not is critical to prioritizing conservation efforts. However, it is difficult to detect such impacts if the native taxa exhibit strong stochastic variations in abundance; a 'natural' population decline might be wrongly interpreted as an impact of the

beta decays from heavy, neutron-rich nuclei with A similar to 190 have been investigated following their production via the relativistic projectile fragmentation of an E/A = 1 GeV Pb-208 primary beam on a similar to 2.5 g/cm(2) Be-9 target. The reaction products were separated and identified using the GSI FRagment Separator (FRS) and stopped in the RISING active stopper. gamma decays were observed

In emerging and future copper access networks, the trend goes towards exploiting higher transmission bandwidths on shorter twisted-pair cables. Methods to accurately determine relevant transmission-line parameters are a prerequisite to exploit the potential of these short-to-medium range access lines. In this paper, we propose a model-based space-frequency optimization approach initially developed

För den spirande miljömedvetenheten på 1960-talet måste det har tett sig uppenbart att den socialistiska rörelsen – på båda sidor om verkliga och ideologiska murar – prioriterade sysselsättning och växande (privat och offentligt) konsumtionsutrymme långt före ekologiska hållbarhetsfrågor, och trots att miljöpolitik nu har lagts till andra politikområden har den prioritetsordningen knappast ändrats

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in migraine has been studied in the experimental glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)-infusion headache model. We hypothesized that GTN-induced headache may activate the trigeminovascular system and be associated with increased levels of sensory neuropeptides, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). CGRP, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and so