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The lichen family Teloschistaceae is one of the larger families of lichenized fungi. Currently it includes one very large heterogenous genus, Caloplaca, with some 1000 or more species with a vast variation in morphology, anatomy and chemistry. The rest of the family is split into 1015 smaller genera, each with 20 or fewer species. There is no modern classification of the family based on molecular
In a patient with chest pain and suspected acute coronary syndrome, the electrocardiogram (ECG) is the only readily available diagnostic tool. It is important to maximize its usefulness to detect acute myocardial ischemia that may evolve to myocardial infarction unless the patient is treated expediently with reperfusion therapy. Since diagnostic guidelines have usually included only ST-elevation m
A novel route toward new galiellalactone analogues via a tandem palladium-catalyzed carbonylation and intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of a dienyne carbonate is presented.
The thermal resistance of a nanoscale point contact to an indium arsenide nanowire was experimentally determined to be two orders of magnitude larger than the theoretical prediction based on the diffuse mismatch model for a welded contact. The discrepancy is attributed mainly to a much smaller phonon transmission coefficient for the weak van der Waals contact than for a welded contact. The experim
A convenient method for the synthesis and isolation of highly reactive formylsilanes by oxidative cleavage of α-silyl glycols is presented. The mild conditions provide an entry to acid- and heat-sensitive members of this theoretically intriguing class of compounds. The utility of the method is demonstrated through the isolation and subsequent diastereoselective derivatization of t-BuMe2- and t-BuP
The large quantity of material of Hieracium sectt. Hieracium, Vulgata, Bifida and Oreadea collected during the recently completed floristic inventory of the northeastern most Swedish province of Norrbotten has been revised. The number of species known from this previously badly under-collected province hereby increased from 27 to 64, and seven species new to science were revealed. A diagnostic key
The evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity relies on the presence of cues that enable organisms to adjust their phenotype to match local conditions. Although mostly studied with respect to nonsocial cues, it is also possible that parents transmit information about the environment to their offspring. Such anticipatory parental effects' or adaptive transgenerational plasticity' can have importa
We illustrate how QCD color structure elegantly can be decomposed into orthogonal multiplet bases corresponding to irreducible representations of SU(N-c) with the aid of Wigner 3j and 6j coefficients. We also show how to calculate the relevant 3j and 6j coefficients using multiplet bases and birdtrack techniques and argue that only a relatively small number of Wigner 3j and 6j coefficients are req
The highly pathogenic Ebola virus (EBOV) has a nonsegmented negative-strand (NNS) RNA genome containing seven genes. The viral genes either are separated by intergenic regions (IRs) of variable length or overlap. The structure of the EBOV gene overlaps is conserved throughout all filovirus genomes and is distinct from that of the overlaps found in other NNS RNA viruses. Here, we analyzed how diver
The receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit, also known as the stem cell factor receptor, plays a key role in several developmental processes. Activating mutations in c-Kit lead to alteration of these cellular processes and have been implicated in many human cancers such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), testicular seminomas and mastocytosis. Regulation of the cataly
A comparison has been carried out between standard-dose computed tomography, non-diagnostic computed tomography and digital radiography with respect to their suitability for detecting radioactive fragments associated with nuclear or radiological events such as debris from radiological dispersal devices. The purpose was to investigate if radiographic imaging is justified for the detection and local
Locust bean gum (LBG) and modified starches are commonly used as thickeners in food products for infants. However, there is no consensus on their possible effects on infant nutrition, especially on mineral availability. The aim of the present work was to characterize the effect of LBG, cross-linked, hydroxypropylated maize starch (Mhdp) and pre-gelatinized rice starch (gRS) on Ca, Fe and Zn availa
Allopatry and allopatric speciation can arise through two different mechanisms: vicariance or colonization through dispersal. Distinguishing between these different allopatric mechanisms is difficult and one of the major challenges in biogeographical research. Here, we address whether allopatric isolation in an endemic island lizard is the result of vicariance or dispersal. We estimated the amount
The land and ocean absorb on average just over half of the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) every year. These CO2 "sinks" are modulated by climate change and variability. Here we use a suite of nine dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) and four ocean biogeochemical general circulation models (OBGCMs) to estimate trends driven by global and regional climate and atmospheric CO2 in
Objectives: To evaluate potential sex differences and other factors associated with complications within 4 months after a hip fracture. Methods: A total of 1,915 patients. 65 years (480 men) with hip fracture were consecutively included in a prospective multicenter cohort study. A review of medical records and patient interviews according to a study protocol based on the Standardized Audit of Hip
Given a stochastic shadow map rendered with motion blur, our goal is to render an image from the eye with motion-blurred shadows with as little noise as possible. We use a layered approach in the shadow map and reproject samples along the average motion vector, and then perform lookups in this representation. Our results include substantially improved shadow quality compared to previous work and a
Pike Esox lucius in the absence of prey and conspecifics were shown to have the highest habitat-change activity during dusk and to decrease preference for complex habitats in turbid water. As the behaviours indicate routine responses in the absence of behavioural interactions, E. lucius spatio-temporal distributions should be directly affected and thereby more easily assessed and avoided by prey,
Monoterpenes are abundant in essential oil extracted from plants. These relatively small and hydrophobic molecules have shown many important biological fucntions, including antimicrobial activity and membrane penetration enhancement. The interaction between the monoterpenes and lipid bilayers is considered important to the understanding of the biological functions of monoterpenes. In this study we
