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Has it always paid to be rich? Income and cause-specific mortality in southern Sweden 1905–2014

Socio-economic differences in mortality are among the most pervasive characteristics of Western societies. While the mortality gradient by income is well established for the period after 1970, knowledge about the origins of this gradient is still rudimentary. We analyse the association between income and cause-specific adult mortality during the period 1905–2014 in an area of southern Sweden, usin

UX design av ett sensorbaserat beslutstöd för vårdpersonal

I dagens samhälle lever vi längre, vilket leder till en äldre befolkning och även indirekt till ett ökat behov av äldrevård och en ökad kostnad för vården. Därav finns det ett värde i att utforska hur välfärdsteknik hade kunnat användas för att stötta vård av äldre. Det finns idag tillgängliga system som mäter hälsodata hos äldre, där det har kunnat bevisats minskning av sjukhusinläggningar, minsk

Short, medium, and long deferral of umbilical cord clamping compared with umbilical cord milking and immediate clamping at preterm birth : a systematic review and network meta-analysis with individual participant data

Background: Deferred (also known as delayed) cord clamping can improve survival of infants born preterm (before 37 weeks of gestation), but the optimal duration of deferral remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data network meta-analysis with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of umbilical cord clamping strategies with different timings of clamping or wit

An ecological explanation for hyperallometric scaling of reproduction

In wild populations, large individuals have disproportionately higher reproductive output than smaller individuals. Some theoretical models explain this pattern—termed reproductive hyperallometry—by individuals allocating a greater fraction of available energy towards reproductive effort as they grow. Here, we propose a simple ecological explanation for this observation: differences between indivi

Unravelling strong temperature-dependence of JHD in transition metal hydrides : solvation and non-covalent interactions versus temperature-elastic H-H bonds

A number of transition metal hydrides reveal intriguing temperature-dependent JHD in their deuterated derivatives and possibly the temperature dependent hydrogen-hydrogen distance (r(H-H)) as well. Previously, theoretical studies rationalized JHD and r(H-H) changes in such compounds through a “temperature-elastic” structure model with a significant population of vibrational states in an anharmonic

Segregating Markov Chains

Dealing with finite Markov chains in discrete time, the focus often lies on convergence behavior and one tries to make different copies of the chain meet as fast as possible and then stick together. There are, however, discrete finite (reducible) Markov chains, for which two copies started in different states can be coupled to meet almost surely in finite time, yet their distributions keep a total

Comorbidities in childhood atopic dermatitis : A population-based study

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is associated with allergic comorbidities. However, studies examining comorbidities in childhood AD are incomplete, which may contribute to suboptimal care. Objective: The objective was to compare the risk of developing different allergic and non-allergic comorbidities among children with AD to that of a matched non-AD

Economic development during the height of colonialism, c. 1920-1960

During the colonial era, economic strategies and policies were shaped by both the colonisers and the colonized, from the imperial offices in the metropoles to the African farmers in the rural communities. Negotiations and interactions, within and between groups, impacted the outcomes at both the state and the individual levels. While we try to highlight this complexity and diversity, it is impossi

Accumulation of advanced glycation end products in skin and increased vascular ageing in the general population : The Malmö Offspring Study

OBJECTIVES: Advanced glycation end product (AGE) is an established risk marker for diabetic vascular disease, and associated with the degree of diabetes complications, renal failure, and atherosclerosis in middle-aged and older individuals. The relationship between AGEs and aortic stiffness has not been thoroughly examined in the younger general population. We aimed to evaluate the association bet

Surfactant therapy guided by tests for lung maturity in preterm infants at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Background: Administration of various exogenous surfactant preparations has been shown to decrease lung injury and pneumothorax and improve survival in very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). There is no consensus on the threshold for surfactant administration, to allow timely intervention and avoid over-treatment, also considering the invasiveness of the procedure and its c

Elevated Fecal Calprotectin Accompanied by Intestinal Neutrophil Infiltration and Goblet Cell Hyperplasia in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by myelin-specific autoreactive T cells. We previously demonstrated intestinal barrier disruption and signs of inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS. Fecal calprotectin is a disease activity biomarker in inflammatory bowel diseases, released by neutrophils

Establishing a valid cohort of patients with acromegaly by combining the National Patient Register with the Swedish Pituitary Register

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish a valid national cohort of patients diagnosed with acromegaly by combining data from the general National Patient Register (NPR) and the disease-specific Swedish Pituitary Register (SPR). Methods: Patients ≥ 18 years of age at diagnosis of acromegaly reported from 1991 to 2018 who were registered in the NPR and/or SPR were included. The diagnosis of

Φ-Sensitivity Evaluation of n-Butanol and Iso-Butanol Blends with Surrogate Gasoline

Using renewable fuels is a reliable approach for decarbonization of combustion engines. iso-Butanol and n-butanol are known as longer chain alcohols and have the potential of being used as gasoline substitute or a renewable fraction of gasoline. The combustion behavior of renewable fuels in modern combustion engines and advanced combustion concepts is not well understood yet. Low-temperature combu

‘In the end, I’m the one who has to do the job’ : Participant experience of a lifestyle intervention for patients with hypertension

Objective: Cardiovascular disease can be prevented through lifestyle changes, but such changes are often hard to attain. Text message interventions with lifestyle advice have shown small but promising effects. Our objective was to explore participant experience of a text message lifestyle intervention for patients with hypertension, and implications for future lifestyle interventions. Design and s

Inflammation Biomarkers in Huntington’s Disease

Neurodegenerative diseases share many features, such as inflammation. Accumulating evidence support the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory markers are suggested important tools to identify disease risk, diagnose disease, monitor disease progression or treatment response, as well as predict clinical outcomes. In Huntington’s d

Coherent FDA Receiver and Joint Range-Space-Time Processing

When a target is masked by mainlobe clutter with the same Doppler frequency, it is difficult for conventional airborne radars to determine whether a target is present in a given observation using regular space-time adaptive processing techniques. Different from phased-array and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays, frequency diverse arrays (FDAs) employ frequency offsets across the array e