The main topic of this thesis is real-time quantification of relevant chromophores and light scattering elements in biological media. The presented methods and instrumentation are based on continuous wave (steady-state) optical measurements of (a) spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance from bulk media and (b) combined spatially-resolved and goniometric measurements of re-emitted light from thin sa

This text describes, from a cultural perspective, the role of higher education teacher training, in the systemic development of teaching and learning in higher education institutions. Three main organisational levels are identified: micro, meso and macro; and implications for and of teacher training on each level is discussed. Even though the emphasis is on the meso level, suggestions are made for

Popular Abstract in Swedish Föräldrars involvering i skolan har under de senaste decennierna betonats allt mer i skoldebatten. Länge betraktades skolutbildning som enbart ett samhälleligt ansvar, vilket ofta medförde ett markerat avståndstagande från familjen och föräldrarna. Likt andra samhälleliga servicefunktioner har emellertid också skolan i sitt förhållande till sina användare undergått en fOver the last two decades, educational reforms have stimulated an enormous growth in innovative school thinking, effecting both independent schools and mainstream education. Parents and interest groups, previously excluded from general pedagogic practice and planning, are now faced with new opportunities and responsibilities. Parents “invest” in these newly won options in very different ways. Fail

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This thesis is a study of molecular exchange between the aggregates in a colloidal dispersion. The problem of oil molecular transport at resolubilization of big oil drops by smaller microemulsion droplets is considered as an experimental model system. The resolubilization kinetics was measured through a temperature jump into a droplet microemulsion phase from a two-phase region of microemulsion dr

The present global environmental condition is a consequence of the increasing consumption of natural resources whose depletion exceeds what is physically possible to sustain in the long term. The construction sector is a considerable contributor to this resource depletion and sustainability is adopted in the form of the theory of ecological modernization. The implementation depends to varying exte

Popular Abstract in Swedish Urinvägsinfektioner är en av våra vanligaste infektionssjukdommar. De orsakas främst av den Gramnegativa bakterien Escherishia coli. Normalt hålls urinvägarna sterila av ett effektivt försvar med utsöndring av antimikrobiella faktorer i urinen, men även urinflödet i sig är en viktig faktor i försvaret mot infektioner. Vissa bakterier klarar dock att etablera sig trots dIn this thesis we have used P fimbriated E. coli as a model to investigate the mechanisms of bacterial recognition and cell activation by the urinary tract (UT) epithelium. We show that Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) is crucial for the recognition and host response to P fimbriated E. coli. This response was independent of LPS and did not require CD14. TLR4 was abundant on epithelial cells throughout