This study aims to examine how NATO-states overtly responds to cyberattacks committed by the believed Russian government sponsored hacker group Fancy Bear. After the end of the Cold War the regulation and acceptance for different kinds of covert actions changed in turn with the change in global power dynamics. The current digital environment develops new ways in which states can spy, gather inform

Despite its sandy beaches, lush forest, and many sunshine hours, Bornholm was placed on a list along with 23 other municipalities as a peripheral area by Erhvervsstyrelsen in 2014. This designation means that the municipality’s income per capita is less than 90 percent of the national average and over an hour away from a large city. Being called a peripheral area can come with many negative assump

About 15-20% of all pregnancies end in miscarriage. The phenomenon is common throughout the population, but bereaved women and couples struggle nonetheless. Lang et al. (2011) have shown that a miscarriage can cause shock, grief and pain and lead women into questioning their reproductive abilities. Hiefner (2012) has argued that pregnancy loss is surrounded by a norm of silence, making it difficul

This study aims to discuss how gender roles are represented in the Japanese manga book Berserk by Kentaro Miura, by focusing on the characters Guts and Casca. This will be done using intermedial theories. By adapting the four modalities and the basic media discussed by Lars Elleström and Hans Lund, it can be applied to make an analysis on the study object. In addition, the purpose will be to exami

In conjunction with the digital development, the use of digital payment services has increased, which entails a requirement for a mobile bank-id that not all groups in society have access to. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the modernization of payment services affects support-assistance staff from the understanding of independence in the everyday life of people with disabilities.T

I dagens samhälle finns en ökande trend avseende användning av trä som bärande konstruktionsmaterial, särskilt i bostadshus. En relativt ny träprodukt är korslimmat massivträ (KL-trä). De olika KL-träskivorna inom en golv- eller takkonstruktion ansluts vanligtvis till varandra med skruvförband. Såväl skivans styvhet som anslutningens styvhet påverkar konstruktionens beteende vid horisontell belastSince ancient times, buildings have been constructed with the use of timber and during the modern era, new types of timber products have been developed. Today, more constructions, especially residential buildings are being built with timber as the main load-bearing material. By utilizing timber in buildings, the amount of greenhouse gases emitted in production decreases compared to other common ma

The aim of this study is to get a deeper insight into men’s attitudes and experience regarding their understanding of the sexual harassment or abuse they have endured. The study also aims to understand men’s point of view in using #metoo to share their experience of sexual harassment or abuse. I have conducted four qualitive interviews with men on a virtual site which extends to the LGBT community

Dramatiska floraförändringar i Skåne Floran i centrala Skåne har förändrats dramatiskt de senaste 60 åren. I mitten av 1900-talet dominerades landskapet av ängs- och betesmarker, högmossar och lövskog. Idag har både jordbruket och skogsbruket intensifierats, och många av ängs- och betesmarkerna hävdas inte längre, samtidigt som införda växter, förvildade från trädgårdar, har spridits i landskapeChanged land-use, nitrogen deposition, climate change, and the spread of non-native species have repeatedly been reported as the main drivers of floristic changes in northern Europe. However, the relevance of the geographical scale at which floristic changes are observed, is less studied and understood. Here, I assess the changes in species richness and species composition in the central parts of

Uppsatsens primära syfte är att besvara vad som avses med begreppet penninglån. Subsidiära frågeställningar som besvaras är när en transaktion innebär en överträdelse av det generella låneförbudet. Låneförbudet innebär i huvudregel att ett aktiebolag inte får lämna penninglån till aktieägare, styrelseledamöter och andra som ingår i ”den förbjudna kretsen”. En stor del i bedömningen av vad som utgöThe primary aim of the paper is to answer what is meant by the concept of money lending. Secondary questions to be answered are when a transaction constitutes a violation of the general prohibition of lending. As a general rule, the prohibition on lending means that a limited liability company may not make loans of money to shareholders, directors and others who are part of the "prohibited ci

En av de viktigaste frågorna för bolag gäller möjligheter till förlustutjämning, dvs. kvittning av en förlust som redovisats för ett beskattningsår mot inkomst för ett annat beskattningsår. Genom möjligheten till förlustutjämning kommer den skatteskyldige att beskattas för en genomsnittsinkomst i stället för de enskilda beskattningsårens varierande resultat. Möjligheter till förlustutjämning medOne of the most important concerns for a company is balancing loss, i.e. loss reported for one year, against future profits in following years. Through the possibility of loss compensation, the taxpayer will be taxed for an average income instead of the varying results of individual tax years. Loss balancing begets a problem - that it can be used for tax evasion. A new company owner can pay less

Gängkriminaliteten låg i mars 2022 i topp tre viktigaste valfrågor för väljare inför valet. Regeringen lade 2019 fram en 34-stegsplan för att bekämpa den gängkriminella situation som råder i Sverige och av förslagen att läsa, ses i vissa grund i den vetenskapliga forskning som finns, samtidigt som en del förslag går rakt emot den. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka den kriminalpolitiska situ

The aim of this study is to determine how employees at the Swedish police describe witness security measures, how well these perform as well as their connection to legislation. Furthermore it aims to understand these chosen individuals' social norms about witness security and the existing measures. To provide a background on the subject certain concept definitions were made and the relevant le

Black Carbon är resultatet av ofullständig förbränning av fossila bränslen och biomassa. Partiklarna blir luftburna i samband med förbränning och sprids över hela jorden. Utsläpp och spridning av BC är problematiskt, eftersom partiklarna har stor påverkan på människors hälsa och miljön. Metoder för utvinning och kvantifiering av BC ur olika material finns. I studien används en variant av CTO-375-mBlack Carbon is the product of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. The particles become airborne during combustion and are effectively distributed all around the world. The release and distribution of BC is of concern because of the effect it has on our health and the environment. To be able to separate BC from sediment and quantify the amount, different methods have been developed.

Bakgrund: Kontroll av gastrisk residualvolym (GRV) via aspiration sker på intensivvårdsavdelningar med syfte att säkerställa tillräcklig nutritionstillförsel och utvärdera risken för komplikationer relaterade till enteral nutrition (EN). Studier visar på oenighet huruvida stor GRV faktiskt ökar risken för negativa effekter, dessutom varierar rutiner för GRV-mätning gällande teknik, frekvens och mBackground: Checking gastric residual volumes (GRV) by aspiration is a method practiced on intensive care units with the purpose of lowering the risk of complications due to enteral nutrition (EN) as well as to ensure adequate delivery of EN. Studies have shown disagreement whether large GRVs increase the risk of negative effects, also the methods of measuring vary by technique, frequency and amou

States or regions conclude IIAs to protect and promote foreign investments, among other things, by prohibiting states’ from ‘taking’ or adopting measures equivalent to ‘taking’ the foreign investors’ property, known as expropriation. However, the state needs regulatory space, but how much is unclear and controversial. The newly concluded EU and Singapore FTA and IPA are taking a new approach to th

According to General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), there are “equivalent adequate” (Article 45), “appropriate safeguards” (Article 46), “derogations” (Article 49) as options to perform the cross- border data transfer. Privacy Shield, together with its predecessor Safe Harbor, was introduced with the purpose to facilitate the data transfer between EU and the United States in compliance with EU

Idag används digitala läromedel med Gamification i den svenska grundskolan. Dessa läromedel omfattas av en svag reglering, där ansvaret att undersöka ifall de innehar önskade spelmekanismer och är anpassade för syftet läggs på lärarna. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka upplevelser lärarna har av, samt deras attityder mot, läromedel med Gamification. Vår empiri består av semistrukture

In topology optimization, iterative, gradient-based methods are used to find the material distribution of structures which maximizes some objective function, typically the structures' stiffness, or in some cases the fundamental frequency. Finite element analysis is used to compute the structural response in each iteration, leading to large systems of equations. Several hundred iterations may b