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A novel scheme for fully scalable White Monte Carlo (WMC) has been developed and is used as a forward solver in the evaluation of experimental time-resolved spectroscopy. Previously reported scaling problems are avoided by storing detection events individually, turning spatial and temporal binning into post-simulation activities. The approach is suitable for modeling of both interstitial and nonin
In this article, an extensive experimental and numerical study of self-desiccation and its importance in concrete technology is outlined. For this purpose, cubes and cylinders of eight qualities of concrete were studied at 4 different ages for each one. Parallel studies of autogeneous shrinkage, basic creep, hydration, internal relative humidity and strength were carried out. Previous research in
PURPOSE: Relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at rest was measured in 44 volunteers using both dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI and (99m)Tc-HMPAO SPECT on the same day. METHOD: In MRI, a Gd-DTPA-BMA contrast agent bolus (0.3 mmol/kg body wt) was monitored with a simultaneous dual FLASH pulse sequence (time resolution 1.5 s). MRI-based rCBF images were calculated by singular value
The differential diagnosis of intradural spinal tumors is primarily based on location, but the clinical presentation, age, and gender of the patient are also important factors in determining the diagnosis. This comprehensive review focuses on the current classification, clinical symptoms, and MRI features of the more common intradural extramedullary and intramedullary neoplastic lesions. This revi
Objective: To compare the efficacy of adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) taking concomitant methotrexate (MTX) by calculating the number needed to treat (NNT) using three different methods. Methods: A systematic literature search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE was conducted from inception to 30 June 2006. Two pairs of investi
This review is based on recent molecular studies of Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae). Most of the studies have focused on the allotetraploid members of the genus in general and on D. majalis ssp. lapponica in particular. It was concluded that most of the allotetraploid taxa have derived from hybridizations between the parental lineages D. maculata s.l. and D. incarnata s.l., with D. maculata s.l. servin
This study investigated the effect of feedback on the accuracy (realism) of 12-year-old children’s metacognitive judgments of their answers to questions about a film clip. Two types of judgments were investigated: confidence judgments (on each question) and frequency judgments (i.e., estimates of overall accuracy). The source of feedback, whether it was presented as provided by a teacher or a peer
We explore how the width of the three-pulse photon echo signal at long population times can be used to determine the strength of the system-bath interaction. Using simulation with finite pulses we show that a simple relation exist between the width of the echo signal, the coupling strength, and the pulse autocorrelation. The derived model is applied to Rhodamine 6G in alcoholic solution, a paradig
It is well known that the origin of one type of spurious solutions in multiband k(.)p theory is the failure to restrict the Fourier coefficients of the envelope functions to the first Brillouin zone. Often, the set of differential equations obtained is supplemented with interfacial boundary conditions derived by integrating the differential equations across the interface; however, this leads to a
It is generally accepted that early detection of breast cancer has great impact on patient survival, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis. In a widely recognized model of breast cancer development, tumor cells progress through chronological and well defined stages. However, the molecular basis of disease progression in breast cancer remains poorly understood. High-throughput molecular pro
A mesocosm experiment indicated that water transparency influenced antipredator behaviour in young-of-the-year perch Perca fluviatilis, which partly contradicts another study by showing that high transparency decreases rather than increases perch antipredatory use of vegetated habitats when predators are also free to choose habitat. The present study emphasizes the importance of simultaneously con
Purpose. To describe, by use of a phenomenological approach, how transfemoral amputees experience their first meeting and subsequent interaction with hospital staff in the acute phase, in the long term and suggestions for future care-giving. Method. Eleven transfemoral amputees, median age 33.5 years, were interviewed. The amputations, performed in median 7.5 years before the interview, were cause
This article focuses upon 28 Swedish foster parents and their experience of working in a manual-based treatment program - Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) - focusing on treating troubled youth. Using interviews and questionnaires, the study addresses how foster parents perceive the components and core terms specific to MTFC. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. I
Radiative lifetimes of 16 odd levels belonging to the 4d(2)5p configuration of Zr II have been measured using a time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique with a single-step excitation process either from the ground state or from metastable levels belonging to the 4d(2)5s and 4d(3) configurations. For 12 levels, there were no previous results available. The new experimental results and the
Objectives The aim of the study was to illuminate the lived experience of being given a cancer diagnosis in old age. Background Little research has been done on the experience of elderly people developing cancer and the impact of the illness on their lives. Such knowledge is needed to support elderly people in dealing with issues arising after cancer is diagnosed. Design A descriptive phenomeno
Silurian palaeobiogeography of the Ramphoprionidae (Annelida; Polychaeta) is outlined. Members of the family are reported from northern Europe (Estonia, Sweden and England), the Russian Arctic (Severnaya Zemlya), and the Canadian Arctic (Baillie-Hamilton Island), These areas were located fairly close to the palacoequator during the Silurian and a faunal exchange is indicated by the broad, intercon
We demonstrate a possibility of multistep electron transfer in a supramolecular complex adsorbed on the surface of nanocrystalline TiO2. The complex mimics the function of the tyrosineZ and chlorophyll unit P680 in natural photosystem II (PSII). A ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridyl) complex covalently linked to a L-tyrosine ethyl ester through an amide bond was attached to the surface of nanocrystalline
