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Tool–chip thermal conductance coefficient and heat flux in machining : Theory, model and experiment

This study proposes a technique for determining a tool–chip thermal conductance coefficient and heat flux in machining. The technique is based on solving an inverse heat transfer problem (IHTP). Because the IHTP is ill-posed, a priori information is required for its effective solution. To derive this information, substantial qualitative and quantitative analysis of a mixed boundary value problem f

Ethical Considerations in Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics

Ethics is the study of the normative dimensions of human relations and experiences. This chapter discusses such questions in relation to basic values in modern society. The normative foundations for the analysis are the values of human dignity, autonomy, freedom, equality, and solidarity, as well as the responsibilities of society toward its citizens, including freedom, security, and justice. The

What caused poverty reduction in Brazil during the 2000s: sectoral growth or public expenditures

We ask what caused poverty to decline in Brazil during the first decade of the 21st century. Our contribution lies in the introduction of a structural change perspective to assess the evolution of poverty by considering the sectoral impact of growth and the social policies at the federal, state and municipal level. By structural change we mean the recomposition of output and employment over time.

Validation of the Swedish Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) in outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease

Introduction Breathlessness is a cardinal symptom in cardiorespiratory disease. An instrument for measuring different aspects of breathlessness was recently developed, the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP). This study aimed to validate the MDP in terms of the underlying factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and concurrent validity in Swedish outpatients with cardiore

Towards a hierarchy of consumption behaviour in the circular economy

In their roles as purchasers, users and dischargers of used products, consumers play an important role in the circular economy. In this article, we put forward a ‘hierarchy of consumption behaviour’ to support European Union policymaking. Among the priorities are avoiding the purchase of single-use and unnecessary products, prolonging the lifetime of products through maintenance and engaging in re

Ageing in the right place–a prototype of a web-based housing counselling intervention for later life

Background: Despite a strong desire among most older adults to age in place, there are few widely available services to support planning and preparing for one’s future housing needs. Objective: To develop a prototype of a web-based housing counselling intervention for use in later life, by employing a user-centred design. Material and Methods: As the first step in intervention development, we empl

Linoleic acid esters of hydroxy linoleic acids are anti-inflammatory lipids found in plants and mammals

Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are a recently discovered class of biologically active lipids. Here we identify the linoleic acid ester of 13-hydroxy linoleic acid (13-LAHLA) as an anti-inflammatory lipid. An oat oil fraction and FAHFA-enriched extract from this fraction showed anti-inflammatory activity in a lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine secretion assay. Structural studies