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This study is an investigation of fire safety on intercity and interregional multiple unit trains. In the study the major fire risks are identified using a Preliminary Hazard Analysis, which is followed by an estimation of the consequences for different fires onboard trains using simulations and hand calculations. The improvements when introducing self-closing doors and a water mist system are als
The objective of this work was to examine the evacuation process in a smokefilled environment. In a series of six experiments, eight subjects (in each experiment), were instructed to walk through a smoke filled room. The time and the smoke density were measured and the subjects comments were collected. Geometry, lighting and smoke density was varied during the experiments. The smoke was of a non-i
The risks of the harbour area were identified, calculated and evaluated in order to present suggestions on how to minimise and prevent actions due to the identified risks. The total risk was exhibited as an individual risk and a societal risk. These were compared to predefined criteria's for acceptable risk in order to define the results as acceptable or not.
Working out an advanced operational plan for the 775-level of the Kiruna mine, using CFD-simulations and calculations. The advanced operational plan includes for example instructions on how to control the ventilation depending on where the fire is located. The report also investigates different, proposed fire protection measures for the level.
The report evaluates in which manner a sprinkler system affects evacuation safety in hospitals. Primarily hospitals are categorised in two groups, one where patients are able to evacuate by themselves and one where patients need nurses to evacuate. Margins to untenable conditions during fire are simulated and compared individually depending on the presence of a sprinkler system. The evaluation sho
The report puts together existing experiences about residential sprinkler on issues as its ability to save lives in a fire, its reliability in activation and reasons for failure of fulfilling these tasks. The project also conducts a series of tests with activation of sprinkler in a room with a fire in order to record and evaluate the environment in the room after the sprinkler activated and compar
The aim of this report is to carry out a risk analysis of transportation of dangerous goods in the municipality of Borlänge as a basis for recommendations in the planning process.
This report contains identification of fire-hazards and development of fire-protection management-system in a university-building in Lund, Sweden. The identification of hazards has been done by comparing the technical fire-protection measures in the building to standards used in projecting new buildings today. Also observations for hazards within the actvities in the building has been made. The do
This report evaluates the methods used to predict smoke movement in atriums and the limits of smoke reservoirs used today. CFD-modeling is a wide spread tool for these types of calculations. The results of this project shows that the most important issue is to know what the user put in to the model. Most important of all is to know if there is a temperature gradient over the height of the atrium a
The purpose of this report was to investigate the damage caused by smoke on electronic equipment, and through this to be able to estimate the decontamination needs at Ericssons plant in Borås. The level of damage caused by the smoke is believed to be influenced by the following parameters: relative humidity, corrosion rate, time duration, temperature, deposition of soot and mainly negative halogen
This report contains an evaluation of the establish frequency for external emergency plans. The conclusions are based on case studies and poll answers. The assessment in this report is that the establish frequency has increased during 2004. Suggestions how to reach a better understanding for the subject has been given.
This report analyse the safety regarding evacuation in case of fire in a nightclub in Skellefteå, Sweden. The analysis contains 1:1 scale experiments regarding fire in clothes and CFD-simulations.
This report investigates the replacement of halon 1211 in handheld extinguishers used in combat vehicles. Four different tests have been carried out with five available agents: HFC 236fa, HFC 227ea, CO2, water mist and a extinguishing fluid. The results from the tests indicates CO2 to be the best alternative, although it is not as versatile as halon 1211.
This report contains an analysis of the work conducted by the Swedish local authorities regarding the prevention of wild land fires. The results shows that information and prohibiting of lighting fires outdoor are effective methods to reduce the number of wild land fires provided that the guide lines issued from the Swedish Rescue Services Agency (SRV) are followed. Furthermore, the web applicatio
What should an incident commander think about when he responds to marine vessel fires and what help can he/she expect to get from co-operational units? What kind of problems can be expected and what can the incident commander do to solve them? These and several more questions are answered along with ideas for the future.
The municipalities 4Yes have to present an action programme for the public sector and for the rescue service. As a base for their action programme the municipality needs a model. In the model there are two groups which have to cooperate with each other. A safety group and the public administrations and those who have an establishment that is described in the law “protection against accidents” chap
The objective of this work was to examine the impact on evacuation conditions of the road surface material in tunnel fires. The road materials were tested in a conecalorimeter and the results were then used in CFD-simulations. The simulated truck fires in the tunnel were chosen in accordance with E. Paté-Cornell’s Quasi Worst Case. The final result was that the road surface had no impact on the ev
This report intends to present a working method for the collection of data, which an incident commander can use at the scene of the accident during the rescue. This method contains both a general line of thought, as well as the use of different aids, with the purpose of facilitating the collecting of data. This should be well established with the person who performs the collection of data. Finally
This report contains CFD-simulations of a tunnel fire in a scaled down road tunnel, 1:8, with the CFD-code FDS. FDS and its different sub models are evaluated by different configurations of grid nets, the radiation model and slight changes in the material database and the results with respect to temperature and u-velocity are compared to each other. Comparisons of the gain and loss in time by usin
Part of the acts made by the Swedish government under the Tsunami disaster 2004 showed difficulties in registration, cooperation and command. To facilitate these requirements a technical system is needed. This report discusses different kinds of methods for computer support that enable a better command, cooperation and resource management. A requirement specification was made after activity modell
