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Even though PID controllers have been around for a long time, few industrial controllers use derivative action and the remaining PI controllers are often designed with formula-based tuning rules rather than through computer-based optimization. This paper will delve into some of the reasons behind these choices and show potential benefits of instead using software-based PID tuning. Three commonly u
Essential to this paper is the recognition of the "privileged status our culture accords written discourse", which is discussed against the background of "the variety of ways in which we represent our realities" (Chaplin, 1994, p. 277), the power of representations to influence perceptions (Jacob, 1989) and the ever-growing importance of communities of shared meaning (Delanty, 2002). Jenks' argume
Food processing comprises operations such as dilution (changing the concentration), homogenisation (changing the particle size), and subsequent pumping (shearing), among others. It is thus of great interest to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms governing the creation and disruption of structures during these engineering operations, and the way in which they are related to the textural a
