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An experimental study on lung deposition of inhaled 2 μm particles in relation to lung characteristics and deposition models

Background: The understanding of inhaled particle respiratory tract deposition is a key link to understand the health effects of particles or the efficiency for medical drug delivery via the lung. However, there are few experimental data on particle respiratory tract deposition, and the existing data deviates considerably when comparing results for particles > 1 μm. Methods: We designed an experim

Airspace Dimension Assessment for early detection of lung function impairment in the peripheral airways of firefighters

Introduction Firefighters have increased risk of chronic respiratory disease. Standard clinical techniques used in medical checkups may not detect the earliest microstructural changes in peripheral airways. A new technique called Airspace Dimension Assessment (AiDA) has been shown to enable early detection of emphysema in COPD. This method may be useful in the occupational setting to detect early

Differential tt¯ cross-section measurements using boosted top quarks in the all-hadronic final state with 139 fb−1 of ATLAS data

Measurements of single-, double-, and triple-differential cross-sections are presented for boosted top-quark pair-production in 13 TeV proton–proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The top quarks are observed through their hadronic decay and reconstructed as large-radius jets with the leading jet having transverse momentum (pT) greater than 500 GeV. The observed data are unfo

Rates of Progression in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Depending on Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Concomitant Medications.

Background: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is associated with higher cholesterol levels, and an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amyloid-related imaging abnormalities after initiation of amyloid-modifying therapies. A worse cognitive response to cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) treatment and longitudinal outcome in APOE ε4-carriers has been observed. Based on these c

Aberrant activation of TCL1A promotes stem cell expansion in clonal haematopoiesis

Mutations in a diverse set of driver genes increase the fitness of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), leading to clonal haematopoiesis1. These lesions are precursors for blood cancers2-6, but the basis of their fitness advantage remains largely unknown, partly owing to a paucity of large cohorts in which the clonal expansion rate has been assessed by longitudinal sampling. Here, to circumvent this

The geometric albedo of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b measured with CHEOPS

Context. Measurements of the occultation of an exoplanet at visible wavelengths allow us to determine the reflective properties of a planetary atmosphere. The observed occultation depth can be translated into a geometric albedo. This in turn aids in characterising the structure and composition of an atmosphere by providing additional information on the wavelength-dependent reflective qualities of

Temperature-induced DNA density transition in phage λ capsid revealed with contrast-matching SANS

Structural details of a genome packaged in a viral capsid are essential for understanding how the structural arrangement of a viral genome in a capsid controls its release dynamics during infection, which critically affects viral replication. We previously found a temperature-induced, solid-like to fluid-like mechanical transition of packaged λ-genome that leads to rapid DNA ejection. However, an

Discovery of TOI-1260d and the characterization of the multiplanet system

We report the discovery of a third planet transiting the star TOI-1260, previously known to host two transiting sub-Neptune planets with orbital periods of 3.127 and 7.493 d, respectively. The nature of the third transiting planet with a 16.6-d orbit is supported by ground-based follow-up observations, including time-series photometry, high-angular resolution images, spectroscopy, and archival ima

Reviewing value creation in agriculture—A conceptual analysis and a new framework

Creation of business value is a major objective of any enterprise, but the way in whichvalue is created and its consequences call for re-evaluation in response to current sustainability goals. The agricultural sector serves basic human needs, but its systems and methods for production, processing, and consumption often pose challenges to sustainable development. To address these challenges, this s

Sustainable value creation–a farm case on business model innovation

The agricultural sector in Sweden, as elsewhere, is affected by increased intensification and specialisation, leading to fewer and larger farms. The majority of agricultural firms acquire profits by pushing an economies of scale strategy, which is not always possible for small farms. However, there are alternative strategies. This teaching case focuses on a small farm in Sweden and offers students

We do it our way – small scale farms in business model transformation for sustainability

Value creation is at the core of business model (BM) research, but the link between BM and value creation remains unclear. In this work, empirical data on BM transformation towards sustainable value creation in the agri-food sector, were obtained through case studies. Factors in BM transformation were identified, transformations in different BM segments were analysed and sustainable value created

Perspectives on agroecological transition: the case of Guachetá municipality, Colombia

Specialization of agriculture in the Colombian Andes has increased smallholder vulnerability to climate change and global price fluctuations and has also affected the socio-economic and environmental conditions. Promoting sustainable agriculture in the region requires a holistic understanding of complex agroecosystems. This study identifies and analyzes the main challenges for agriculture and poss

Personalized diagnosis in suspected myocardial infarction

Background: In suspected myocardial infarction (MI), guidelines recommend using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn)-based approaches. These require fixed assay-specific thresholds and timepoints, without directly integrating clinical information. Using machine-learning techniques including hs-cTn and clinical routine variables, we aimed to build a digital tool to directly estimate the indiv

Simulating Magnetized Plasma using an Accelerated Finite Element-Boundary Integral Code

This paper describes an accelerated finite element-boundary integral code with support for complex media. The code is implemented in Python using several open source packages, and uses Numba just-in-time compilation for improved performance. To accelerate the boundary integral part of the code, a multilevel implementation of the adaptive cross approximation is used. As a numerical example, scatterThis paper describes an accelerated finite element-boundary integral code with support for complex media. The code is implemented in Python using several open source packages, and uses Numba just-in-time compilation for improved performance. To accelerate the boundary integral part of the code, a multilevel implementation of the adaptive cross approximation is used. As a numerical example, scatter

Ovarian cancer pathology characteristics as predictors of variant pathogenicity in BRCA1 and BRCA2

Background: The distribution of ovarian tumour characteristics differs between germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers and non-carriers. In this study, we assessed the utility of ovarian tumour characteristics as predictors of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant pathogenicity, for application using the American College of Medical Genetics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) var

The dynamics of beamline configurations and user communities : Quantitative studies of Big Science publications

This thesis examines the role of beamlines with publication metadata from the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF a large scientific facility offering diverse conditions for scientific research. As a user-oriented Big Science facility, the ESRF channels extremely brilliant light into different experimental areas called beamlines that house specific instruments that cater to the needs of