Filetype
IntroductionThe start of the 21st century is combined with the continuous replacement of classic C2/C3 chemistry with biological processes. This conversion process started at the end the 20th century and is combined with the integration of membrane processes as high selective and low energy consuming separation technologies in the production of fermentation based products. In fermentation based pr
1. IntroductionBoth the development of nowadays membrane technology and nutritive sweeteners started in the middle of the 20th century. The development of the asymmetric membranes using phase inversion was pioneered by Loeb and Sourirajan in the 1960-ies, while the discovery of glucose isomerase was a milestone in the commercialisation of high fructose corn syrup in the beginning of the 1970-ies.
Polysulfone (PSf) is a traditional material widely used for manufacturing microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) process. However, the hydrophobic nature of PSf makes the membranes prone to protein fouling. In order to create non fouling surfaces and further decrease the pore size, the membrane pores can be modified by different strategies as a
For more than 30 years polyimides (PA) have been one of the main polymers for the fabrication of thin film composite membranes. Several researchers have assessed the main fabrication variables that influence the final structure of the polyamide layers including monomer concentration, solvents, additives in aqueous and organic phases and type of support to mention few [1,2]. However, few studies ha
1. IntroductionThe starting point of modern biotechnology is often defined by the production of lactic acid by Pasteur in 1857 and the discovery of penicillin by Fleming in 1928. During this first wave of biotechnological processes moved production of e.g. antibiotics and amino acids from laboratory to industrial scale. The second wave of biotechnological processes started with the discovery of th
The event-by-event correlations between three flow amplitudes are measured for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, using higher-order symmetric cumulants. We find that different three-harmonic correlations develop during the collective evolution of the medium when compared to correlations that exist in the initial state. These new results cannot be interpreted in terms of previous lower-order flow
The value added of the Swedish industrial sector has earlier been calculated by Osten Johansson (ÖJ)2 and the Economic Research Institute (Konjunkturinstituiet, KI). 3 However, these calculations have proved to be in need of revision on various points. In the following pages new calculations are shown for a shorter period, 1941–51. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to construct a new price ind
The Swedish Municipality Act, issued in 1862, consolidated a plutocratic system in which ownership and income, and the resulting level of taxation, translated into political power. However, as a measure to hinder large landowners from holding a majority of the votes, the Act guaranteed voting rights for tenants. The aim of the article is to analyse how power relations played out after this challen
During the 18th and 19th centuries there were no regional customs areas in Sweden, but the country constituted one homogenous free trade area. The only exception was the duties which were to be paid when the goods were brought to the towns. It was a turnover tax levyed on the goods brought in and was in effect from 1622 to the beginning of the 1800s.
COVID-19 represents a risk to people's life and societies in their current shapes and functions, with institutionalised responses redefining everyday life. Crises in society can induce fear and tensions that can unite and divide people, inducing acts of solidarity and polarisation. The study explored articulations of solidarity and polarisation in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and related risk
We investigate how the anticipation of COVID-19 vaccines affects voluntary social distancing. In a large-scale preregistered survey experiment with a representative sample, we study whether providing information about the safety, effectiveness, and availability of COVID-19 vaccines affects the willingness to comply with public health guidelines. We find that vaccine information reduces peoples’ vo
High trust is a success factor for both societies and organizations. Policy decisions and public administration strategies during the corona pandemic raise a number of questions with regard to trust. To what degree have different decisions and pro-cesses been trust-based and how have these decisions affected outcomes? These questions are difficult to respond to, in particular since trust can emerg
