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Background & aims: We have previously reported that the serum levels of gut-derived tryptophan metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) are lower in individuals with liver fibrosis. Now, we explored the transcriptome and DNA methylome associated with serum IPA levels in human liver from obese individuals together with IPA effects on shifting the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) phenotype to inactiv
Slow sand filters (SSFs) for drinking water production are habitats for diverse microbes from multiple domains of life, which are integral to the ability of SSFs to purify water. While cultivation-independent analyses of the prokaryotic communities of SSFs have provided valuable insights, little attention has been paid to fungi inhabiting SSFs. This study characterized the fungal communities in th
Platform trials have become widely adopted across multiple disease areas over recent years, however, guidelines for operationalising these trials have not kept pace. We outline a series of documents that summarise the statistical components, and implicit processes, of the Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial to provide an informal template for other researchers and reviewer
Purpose: Defunctioning stoma (DS) has been suggested to mitigate the consequences of anastomotic leak (AL) after low anterior resection. Stoma reversal (SR) is commonly delayed for nonmedical reasons in many healthcare systems. This study investigated the impact of the elapsed time from AR to SR on postoperative 90-day complications. The secondary aim was to explore the independent factors associa
The membranous ER spans the entire cell, creating a network for the biosynthesis of proteins and lipids, cell-wide communication, and nuclear delivery of molecules, including therapeutic agents. Here, we identify a novel ER response triggered by the tumoricidal complex alpha1-oleate, defined by a loss of peripheral ER structure, extensive ER vesiculation. Alpha1-oleate was present in the ER-derive
Using detailed hand-collected data on firm ownership and board cultural diversity from Sweden, we find that foreign ownership is positively associated with board cultural diversity. This relationship is not an artifact of foreign owners joining the board, and it is not driven by firms with substantial foreign focus. The presence of foreign owners on nomination committees seems to be the channel th
Background: Despite recent advances in neuroimaging and neurocritical care, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still a major cause of severe disability and mortality, with increasing incidence worldwide. Antisecretory factor (AF), commercially available as Salovum®, has been shown to lower intracranial pressure (ICP) in experimental models of, e.g., TBI and herpes encephalitis. The aim of this
Inspired by the workshop "Sacred Canopies: LGBT+, Buddhism, and Economics in Vietnam,"hosted at the University of Copenhagen in November 2023, this introduction frames the themes of the special issue. It focuses on how Vietnam's globalized market economy is shaping LGBTQI+ aspirations, mobilizations, personhoods, and spiritual experiences. It explores how the articles in this special issue shed ne
Random access codes are a type of communication task that is widely used in quantum information science. The optimal average success probability that can be achieved through classical strategies is known for any random access code. However, only a few cases are solved exactly for quantum random access codes. In this paper, we provide bounds for the fully general setting of n independent variables,
Introduction: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are lymphocyte aggregates resembling secondary lymphoid organs and are pivotal in cancer immunity. The ambiguous morphological definition of TLS makes it challenging to ascertain their clinical impact on patient survival and response to immunotherapy. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize TLS in hematoxylin-eosin tissue sections from lung can
Background: Keeping the umbilical cord intact the first minutes after delivery is beneficial for both term and preterm infants. However, this may be challenging in caesarean sections (CS) due to lack of mobile resuscitation equipment, maintenance of sterility or concern for excessive maternal blood loss. The objective of this study was to develop and pilot-test extra-uterine placental transfusion
Lung transplantation remains the definitive treatment for end-stage lung disease, but several critical challenges persist. Key issues include the limited availability of donor organs, ongoing debates over optimal preservation methods, and the controversy surrounding the best intraoperative support systems. Additionally, the efficacy of bridging strategies to transplantation continues to be questio
In food engineering in general and in liquid food processing specifically, accurate measurement of particle size is important, both for product development and daily quality control. Laser diffraction is the dominating method for particle size measurement of e.g., plant cell structures in food and beverage processing. However, the accuracy of the method can be questioned since these particles diff
Hydrodynamic cavitation occurs in high-pressure homogenizer (HPH) valves, causes wear and influences emulsification. Substantial advances have previously been made studying HPH cavitation in experimental systems. However, there is a lack of understanding on how cavitation develops in industrially relevant valves. The series applies CFD to address this knowledge gap. This part combines a previously
Shared entanglement can significantly amplify classical correlations between systems interacting over a limited quantum channel. A natural avenue is to use entanglement of the same dimension as the channel because this allows for unitary encodings, which preserve global coherence until a measurement is performed. Contrasting this, a distributed task based on a qubit channel is demonstrated, for wh
Purpose: This study aims to provide insights into the experiences of working from home (WFH) in a global context from the perspective of perceived productivity. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses a multivariate analysis benefiting from an extensive data set of almost 137,500 respondents from 88 countries. Findings: This paper find that most respondents are satisfied with their productivi
The problem of substructure characteristic modes is developed using a scattering matrix-based formulation, generalizing subregion characteristic mode decomposition to arbitrary computational tools. It is shown that the modes of the scattering formulation are identical to the modes of the classical formulation based on the background Green’s function for lossless systems under conditions where both
Background People with serious respiratory illness frequently have a high symptom burden and may be prescribed supplemental oxygen therapy with the aims of reducing the severity of breathlessness and improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of oxygen therapy versus no oxygen on 1) breathlessness, 2) HRQoL and 3) ad
Risk management in land-use planning often boils down to practical decision-making situations, such as deciding on safe distances between residential buildings and other types of developments and dangerous goods transportation routes or hazardous industries. The practical approaches to managing risk in land-use planning vary across countries, ranging from prescriptive regulations on managing risk
Although criminology has long debated the so-called ‘crime drop’, the shifting nature of criminality complicates any clear-cut assessment. While some offences have decreased, this is not necessarily due to moral reform or growing securitisation but rather to transformations in crime modalities. The illicit does not simply retreat or relocate, we argue; nowadays, it increasingly adapts, embeds, and
