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Trading commodities has been around for centuries, and today, most trading is done electronically on exchanges in derivatives contracts. Over time, regulatory bodies, specifically the CFTC, have sought to implement safeguards against market manipulation by participants. One such measure has been position limits on derivatives, which since January 1st, 2023, also includes so-called economically equ

This thesis assesses the complex relationship between International Economic Organisations (IEOs), taxation, and human rights, shedding light on the impacts, obligations, and assessment practices of the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In an era of globalisation, the impact of these IEOs on financial policies, incl

Genom en ökad medvetenhet hos konsumenter om deras klimatavtryck har det blivit viktigt för företag att positionera sig som hållbara. I samband med detta har begreppet ”grönmålning” etablerats inom sammanhang som exempelvis vilseledande marknadsföring, där företag försöker framställa sig som miljövänliga utan en vederhäftig grund. För att adressera innebörden av grönmålning och finna ett tillvägagWith consumers becoming more aware of their environmental footprint, it has become important for companies to position themselves as sustainable. In this context, the term "greenwashing" has been established to describe misleading marketing practices where companies try to portray themselves as environmentally friendly without a valid basis. To address the meaning of greenwashing and fin

The upcoming EU Regulation on prohibiting products made with forced labour on the Union market is forming the occasion for this Master’s Thesis. In particular, the topic of forced labour is analysed to provide a brief insight into the necessity of the Regulation. Furthermore, a variety of international and European legal instruments are compared to the new Regulation in order to identify the actua

The commodity market is basically used for hedging against physical products. However, commodity portfolios alone can be an investment choice based on their return and risk characteristics. In order to analyze the interconnectedness among commodities, this study applies multivariate GARCH models of diagonal VECH, diagonal BEKK, and CCC to model the volatility among the selected commodity groups of

Article 102 TFEU has long been the legal framework for addressing dominant undertakings abusing their position. In the new digital era, these undertakings have been found to favour themselves through self-preferencing. Therefore, the European Commission proposed the Digital Markets Act to address the structural problems that Article 102 TFEU could not. The DMA targets gatekeepers, who often hold d

This study aimed to gain an increased understanding of significant factors in the exit process from addiction to alcohol or drugs, as well as how the individual process may unfold. Additionally, the purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of relapse in recovery from alcohol- or drug addiction. To conduct this study, data was collected from three autobiographies using a qualitativ

This thesis investigates fan fiction’s intellectual property issues, focusing on its legal status, copyright implications, and potential regulatory frameworks. The research explores the pathways for protecting the rights of original authors and fan fiction creators while fostering creative expression. Key topics include the definition and copyrightability of fan fiction, its potential for copyrigh

The purpose of this study is to examine how responsibility is distributed in a bottom-up and network forms structure. Our qualitative study followed the interpretivist tradition together with an inductive approach in one organization. The empirical data was collected at “Bright Solutions” through 8 semi-structured interviews over a two week period. This paper is examined through the lens of bottom

This thesis conducts a legal investigation and critical analysis of the creation and establishment of a digital currency in the transactional agora of the European Union. The implementation of the digital euro as a new method of the European numismatic zone is a revolutionary neoteric strategy for efficiency in monetary transactions. A profound problem at the epicentre of this novel concept is the

Off-grid living offers an alternative path to sustainability, but its complex dynamics require deeper exploration. Utilizing the Three Spheres of Transformation theoretical framework, the study uses interviews to explore the motivations for, barriers to and necessary changes for off-grid living from the perspective of individuals. Findings from interviews with people living and aspiring to live of

This study delves into instances where individuals in positions of authority breach the trust vested in their roles. Despite the occurrence of misconduct by powerful actors, these incidents are often overlooked in academic and socio-legal discourse. This thesis therefore aims to address this gap, by exploring how police officers in Sweden justify their misconduct, as well as how they are held acco

The building sector contributes to one-fifth of Sweden’s total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and consumes 40 % of the final energy consumption. To achieve the climate goals set by the Swedish government, the building sector requires rapid development to reduce its climate impact. The climate impact of buildings comes from two types of energy throughout the building's lifecycle: operational an

Minimilönedirektivet har trots sitt namn en minst lika viktig agenda: att främja kollektivavtalsförhandlingar i EU. Trots att direktivet ska vara implementerat i nationell lagstiftning senast november 2024 går det redan att urskilja kollektivavtalsfrämjande initiativ bland medlemsländerna. Denna uppsats syftar till att genom en rättsvetenskaplig analys redogöra för minimilönedirektivets bestämmelsThe Minimum Wage Directive, despite its name, has an equally important agenda: to promote collective bargaining in the EU. Although the directive must be implemented into national legislation by November 2024, collective bargaining initiatives can already be observed among the member states. This thesis aims to provide a legal analysis of the directive's provisions and its function in promotin

Wildfires are increasing around the world and unlike building evacuations, the wildland urban interface (WUI) evacuations consider vehicle movement alongside the behaviour of wildfires. Tourists, as a diverse population, further complicate WUI evacuations due to factors such as language barriers, unfamiliarity with the area, varying levels of risk awareness, and the lack of access to vehicles. Nev

I Sverige idag så är engelska ett språk som nästan hela befolkningen kan och har ett stort inflytande på det svenska språket. Inflytandet från engelska och blandningen av språken, code-switching, har skapat debatter om hur nyttigt detta är för det svenska språket. Syftet med denna uppsats är att ta reda på hur ungdomar i Sverige förhåller sig till engelska och vad de tycker om, och hur de använder

Sammanfattning Uppsatsens syfte är att klargöra betydelsen av den allmänna samverkansskyl-digheten inom ramen för rättstvister mellan myndigheter. För att uppnå detta syfte används en kritisk rättsdogmatisk metod. Informationsskyldigheten följer av 6 kap. 5 § OSL och är en precisering av den bredare allmänna samverkansskyldigheten i 8 § FL. I förhållande till de skyldigheter som åvilar staten undeSummary This thesis aims to clarify the significance of the general duty of cooperation in the context of civil litigation between authorities. A critical legal dogmatic method is utilized to achieve this purpose. The duty to provide information on request as outlined in Chapter 6, Section 5 of the Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act (2209:400), also known as OSL, specifies the broader ge

Denna sammanfattning ger en översikt av en studie som fokuserar på implementeringen av anropsstyrd kollektivtrafik i landsbygdsområden, med fallstudien "Hörby-linjen" i en kommun i Skåne, Sverige. Med Sveriges ambitiösa klimatmål att minska utsläppen från inrikes transporter med 70% till 2030 jämfört med 2010, spelar kollektivtrafiken en avgörande roll. Trots att kollektivtrafik är vanliThis abstract provides an overview of a study focusing on the implementation of demand-responsive public transportation in rural areas, using the case study of the "Hörby-line" in a municipality in Skåne, Sweden. With Sweden's ambitious climate goals aiming to reduce domestic transport emissions by 70% by 2030 compared to 2010, public transportation plays a crucial role. Despite bein

Användningen av Artificiell Intelligens har ökat de senaste åren och många arbetsgivare väljer att integrera AI i rekryteringsprocessen i syfte att vara kostnads- och tidseffektiva. Men användningen av AI medför betydande nackdelar såsom oavsiktlig diskriminering. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka den rättsliga reglering inom diskrimineringsrätten när AI används i rekryteringsprocesser. Vidare kThe use of Artificial Intelligence has increased in recent years and many employers choose to integrate AI into the recruitment process in order to be cost and time efficient. But the use of AI brings significant disadvantages such as unintentional discrimination. The essay aims to investigate the legal regulation within discrimination law when AI is used within recruitment processes. Furthermore,

This thesis explores the dynamic relationship between the diffusion of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and regional development in mainland China from 2011 to 2022, with a particular focus on how lagging regions can achieve development through ICT. The thesis employs both quantitative and qualitative methods, analyzing the number of employees in the ICT service industry over this pe