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Letter from the future surgeons of 2030
Population collapses in introduced non-indigenous crayfish
Invasive species often have instable population dynamics and are known to collapse or oscillate heavily after passing through the initial lag/growth phases. Long-term data-series documenting these fluctuations are however rare. We use long-term (starting in the early 1960s), semi-quantitative data on the invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), capturing its population development afte
Quantification of left-to-right shunt through patent ductus arteriosus by colour Doppler in children admitted for a device closure
Purpose: Our animal model suggests that quantification of ductal flow from colour Doppler pixels is possible. We aimed to clarify whether this method can be used to determine a clinically significant ductal shunt in children. Methods: We retrospectively quantified ductal flow from saved images from 20 children who had been admitted for device occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus. Colour Doppler i
Hemodynamic Responses to Speech and Music in Newborn Infants
We used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to study responses to speech and music on the auditory cortices of 13 healthy full-term newborn infants during natural sleep. The purpose of the study was to investigate the lateralization of speech and music responses at this stage of development. NIRS data was recorded from eight positions on both hemispheres simultaneously with electroencephalography, e
Neonatal and maternal outcome after blastocyst transfer: a population-based registry study.
Previous studies have shown a higher risk of birth defects and preterm birth (PTB) in singletons born after blastocyst transfer as compared to singletons born after cleavage-stage transfer. Few studies have investigated the maternal outcomes.
Changes in behavioural trait integration following rapid ecotype divergence in an aquatic isopod.
Colonization of new habitats can relax selection pressures, and traits or trait combinations no longer selected for might become reduced or lost. We investigated behavioural differentiation and behavioural trait integration in the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus. This isopod has recently colonized a novel habitat and diverged into two ecotypes which encounter different predator faunas. We inve
Design of multi-antenna feeding for MIMO terminals based on characteristic modes
Conventional antennas in single-antenna terminals that resonate at frequencies lower than 1 GHz usually rely on the chassis as the main radiator. To effectively exploit chassis excitation for MIMO terminals, each of the multiple antennas is required to excite one distinct chassis mode. However, in today's terminals, there is typically only one chassis mode that can radiate efficiently at frequenci
Driving behaviour responses to a moose encounter, automatic speed camera, wildlife warning sign and radio message determined in a factorial simulator study.
In a driving simulator study, driving behaviour responses (speed and deceleration) to encountering a moose, automatic speed camera, wildlife warning sign and radio message, with or without a wildlife fence and in dense forest or open landscape, were analysed. The study consisted of a factorial experiment that examined responses to factors singly and in combination over 9-km road stretches driven e
Heritability of variation in glycaemic response to metformin: a genome-wide complex trait analysis.
Metformin is a first-line oral agent used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but glycaemic response to this drug is highly variable. Understanding the genetic contribution to metformin response might increase the possibility of personalising metformin treatment. We aimed to establish the heritability of glycaemic response to metformin using the genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) method.
Sex-Specific Patterns of Aging in Sexual Ornaments and Gametes
Sex differences in age-dependent mortality and reproductive success are predicted to drive the evolution of sexually dimorphic patterns of reproductive investment over life. However, this prediction has not been fully explored because it is difficult to measure primary and secondary sexual traits over the life spans of males and females. Here we studied a population of fowl, Gallus gallus, to gain
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and thromboxane A (2) receptor antagonism attenuate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in a porcine model.
AIM: Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) causes pulmonary hypertension that may lead to right heart failure. We hypothesized that the COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide and the thromboxane A (2) receptor antagonist daltroban would attenuate HPV. METHODS: Haemodynamic measurements and blood sampling were performed in 18 anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated pigs, with mean ± SEM weights of 31.3 ±
Working conditions, health and productivity among dentists in Swedish public dental care - a prospective study during a 5-year period of rationalisation
In recent decades, comprehensive rationalisations have been implemented in public dentistry in Sweden. How rationalisations affect working conditions, health and production from a long-term perspective has been poorly investigated. This study aims to analyse changes and associations in dentists' working conditions, health and productivity during a 5-year period. In 2003 and 2008, 65 dentists respo
Layered Reconstruction for Defocus and Motion Blur
Light field reconstruction algorithms can substantially decrease the noise in stochastically rendered images. Recent algorithms for defocus blur alone are both fast and accurate. However, motion blur is a considerably more complex type of camera effect, and as a consequence, current algorithms are either slow or too imprecise to use in high quality rendering. We extend previous work on real-time l
Large Eddy Simulation of flame stabilisation dynamics and vortex control in a lifted H2/N2 jet flame
Flame stabilisation in (highly) preheated mixture is common in several industrial applications. When the reactants are injected separately in the device (usually at high-speed), the flame is lifted so that the fuel and oxidant first mix to give an ignitable mixture. If the temperature of the mixture is adequate, it auto-ignites stabilizing the flame. Here we focus on an academic lifted jet flame a
The causes of parent-offspring transmission of drug abuse: a Swedish population-based study.
While drug abuse (DA) is strongly familial, we still have limited knowledge about the causes of its cross-generational transmission.
In Search of Heimat: A Note on Franz Kafka's Concept of Law
Are Fran T Kafka's representations of law and legality figments of his imagination, or do they go beyond his obsessive probing of his neurosis to reflect issues that also engaged the social and legal theorists of his time? Does Kafka's conception of law offer anything new in respect to law, justice, and bureaucracy that was not explored by his contemporaries or by later legal scholars? This paper
Appendicitis in children from a gender perspective.
The incidence in appendicitis and the appendectomy rate are different between boys and girls. This study aimed to further evaluate appendicitis in children from a gender perspective. Gender differences in presentation, perioperative care, and outcome after appendectomy were examined.
Staphylococcal Proteases Aid in Evasion of the Human Complement System.
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that presents severe health care concerns due to the prevalence of multiple antibiotic-resistant strains. New treatment strategies are urgently needed, which requires an understanding of disease causation mechanisms. Complement is one of the first lines of defense against bacterial pathogens, and S. aureus expresses several specific complement inh
The next-generation ARC middleware
The Advanced Resource Connector (ARC) is a light-weight, non-intrusive, simple yet powerful Grid middleware capable of connecting highly heterogeneous computing and storage resources. ARC aims at providing general purpose, flexible, collaborative computing environments suitable for a range of uses, both in science and business. The server side offers the fundamental job execution management, infor