Filetype
Botswana’s reputation as a beacon of fiscal prudence in resource-rich economies faces new challenges. Yet recent pressures – rising debt, declining surpluses, and fiscal volatility – raise questions about the long-term sustainability of this model. This thesis examines how Botswana’s fiscal capacity has shaped its ability to manage natural resource wealth between 1990 and 2022. Drawing on a compos
Decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors such as the steel industry presents a major challenge for the European Union and its member states. These sectors must reduce emissions while maintaining global competitiveness, placing considerable pressure on both industry actors and policymakers. One proposed solution is the development of green lead markets, which aim to lower investment risks by enabling ma
This legal research examines the regulation of AI-driven credit risk models in B2B trade credit insurance under the EU's Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) and the Solvency II Directive. The study analyses how these frameworks address algorithmic transparency, accountability, and fairness while maintaining market stability. The AI Act classifies credit assessment systems as high-risk AI, im
Cities are important stakeholders in the EU’s quest to achieve climate neutrality (European Commission, 2020a). The EU has acknowledged the importance of cities through the EU Mission on ‘Climate Neutral and Smart Cities’, which aims to enable 100 European cities to become climate-neutral by 2030 (European Commission, 2021a). However, climate change has the potential to intersect with, exacerbate,
Why do some individuals lean left while others align with the right? A substantial body of research points to psychological variables as key predictors of political orientation. Responding to recent calls for more integrative frameworks, this study examined how personality (including the Big Five and the Dark Factor of Personality), morals (Moral Foundations), and values (Basic Human Values) predi
En allt större del av vår befolkning består av äldre, som också blir allt äldre. Samtidigt har antalet platser på vårdboenden minskat med 25 % sedan millennieskiftet. Detta innebär att fler kommer behöva åldras i hemmet, något som sedan länge varit en stor del av den svenska äldrepolitiken i form av kvarboendeprincipen. Huruvida vi kommer klara av den demografiska förändringen ligger till stor del
Denna uppsats undersöker hur fem icke-statliga organisationer (NGO) framställer händelserna kring Sea-Watch 3-fallet sommaren 2019. Räddningsfartyget hölls kvar till havs i över två veckor efter att ha undsatt migranter utanför Libyens kust, utan att någon stat erbjöd en säker hamn. Studien utgår från en kombination av två teoretiska ramverk: normmodellen och liminalitet. Normmodellen används för This thesis examines how five non govermental organisations (NGO) represent the events surrounding the Sea-Watch 3 case in the summer of 2019. The rescue vessel remained at sea for over two weeks after saving migrants off the coast of Libya, without any state offering a safe port of disembarkation. The study draws on a combination of two theoretical frameworks, the norm model and liminality. The n
Emerging storage devices, particularly ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) memristors, offer a compelling solution for high-density storage as they form a type of non-charge based non-volatile storage capable of storing multiple bits in each device; however, their adoption is hindered by reliability concerns. This work addresses this by presenting a design and implementation of an efficient Error
In many countries, the oil and gas industry (OGI) faces a sociotechnical problem related to illegal tapping, a complex phenomenon involving stealing products from pipelines. This study analyses the network constitution to understand and tackle this phenomenon, called ”clandestine diversion” (CD), which is the theft of oil and its derivatives products through illegal tappings of onshore pipelin
Tack vare mer än 100 år av direkta mätningar av jordens magnetfält vet vi med god säkerhet att det inte kan beskrivas till fullo med en dipol, utan visar tydliga asymmetriska egenskaper. Ett av de tydligaste exemplen på magnetfältets asymmetri hittar vi i södra Atlanten, där ett expansivt område uppvisar lägre magnetisk intensitet än någon annan region. Denna Sydatlantiska anomali (SAA) är inte enAfter more than a century of direct observations of the magnetic field, it’s evident that our current field does not completely follow a dipole model and is in fact slightly asymmetrical, with one region of the south Atlantic Ocean standing out in particular. The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is an expansive area of lower magnetic intensity and is known to cause significant problems for satellites
Bathing has long been a part of human his tory, not only as a hygienic practice, but as a social, cultural and therapeutic ritual. Across different cultures and climates, communal bathing has offered moments of connec tion, reflection and restoration. In Iceland, this tradition continues through natural hot springs and public pools, where water be comes both a physical and emotional resource.
The advent of few-femtosecond laser pulses has revolutionized our ability to probe ultrafast phenomena in atoms, molecules, and solids, yet reliable temporal characterization in terawatt-scale laser systems remains challenging due to their complexity. Measurements along the path of the light from the source to end of the beamlines have to be undertaken not just for temporal characterisation of the
Stora mängder koldioxidutsläpp från stora infrastrukturprojekt är en av de mest angelägna utmaningarna inom dagens bygg- och anläggningsbransch, där klimatbelastande material ofta används i stora mängder. Markstabilisering är en beprövad teknik för att förbättra bärigheten hos svaga jordar och erbjuder både tids- och kostnadseffektiva lösningar. Trots dess fördelar är metoden förknippad med betydaLarge-scale carbon dioxide emissions from major infrastructure projects constitute one of the most pressing challenges within the contemporary construction and civil engineering sector, where climate-intensive materials are often used in considerable quantities. Soil stabilization is a proven technique for enhancing the bearing capacity of weak soils and offers both time- and cost-effective soluti
Climate change adaptation (CCA) has become a prominent topic as the global environment changes. Increased extreme weather events, changes in microclimates and local ecosystems necessitate a change in current production methods, particularly within the food industry. Aquaculture, which provides over 50% of the global seafood, is particularly vulnerable to climate change. That includes Norway, the w
This thesis explores the dynamics of youths’ contributions in the ecotourism sector in the indigenous village San José de Uchupiamonas, located in the Bolivian Amazon. It examines the contributions that the youths of the community make to ecotourism. It also explores what knowledge they have gained from the sector, as well as how they perceive ecotourism to have influenced their culture. Through a
The emergence of the New Space Economy has transformed the European space sector, fostering a surge in entrepreneurial activity known as astropreneurship. This thesis explores the key external conditions shaping the emergence and development of astropreneurial ventures in Europe, using the External Enablement Framework (EEF) to analyze how External Enablers (EEs) facilitate new venture creation. T
CBAM aims to simultaneously drive EU competitiveness and decarbonisation by ‘levelling the playing field’ for EU-based producers. However, as a form of carbon tariff CBAM risks jeopardising downstream sectors’ competitiveness. This concern stems from CBAM charging a carbon price on imported intermediaries which are used as inputs for downstream EU manufactures. This carbon premium is not reflected
Impact investing is a recently emerged field which aims to combine the goal of achieving financial returns with positive environmental or social impact. The documented loss of biodiversity has caused the emergence of many corporate environmental impact reporting frameworks, which have sometimes been criticized for their lack of biodiversity-outcome indicators. This study aims to take stock of the
This study investigates how natural weathering affects the fire performance of fire-retardant-impregnated timber façade. Results from a Cone Calorimeter testing showed significant differences in fire properties between different parts of the façade slats, with more weather-exposed surfaces exhibiting slower ignition but higher peak heat release rate per unit areas. Timber color was found to corre
