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Numbers are used for exact and approximative estimations. The numbers used in approximative expressions are typically so-called round numbers, such as 10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 100, 1,000, and such numbers are also very frequent in texts. This article presents evidence that some numbers are rounder than others and discusses how the roundness of a number can be derived from its contents of the base n
A popular model for social evolution in the Santa Barbara Channel region holds that, during times of resource stress, islanders would trade with mainlanders for plant foods in order to supplement island diets. Recently, western sea-purslane (Sesuvium verrucosum) has been suggested as a primary food product involved in this exchange. This report presents new caloric values for Sesuvium verrucosum a
The first few centuries of the second millennium saw drastic changes in Coastal California and the American Southwest. In both areas, systems of internal trade intensified, and social systems sped down a path of increasing complexity. Following Peter Peregrine and Stephen Lekson (2006, 2012), we do not believe that these neighboring developments were purely coincidental. Rather, we see California
Non-volatile resistive-random-access-memories (RRAMs), which are highly scalable, cost-efficient and fast, are needed to meet the future computational needs beyond the traditional von-Neumann architecture. Oxygen vacancy RRAMs in particular have been demonstrated to operate at nanosecond programming ranges with low voltages as well as being integrated in dense cross-point arrays [1] . ITO/HfO 2 ba
Climate modelling studies indicate that subarctic ecosystems are predicted to show some of the earliest responses to climate change. The predicted temperature and precipitation changes have implications for the carbon biogeochemical cycle with ancillary effects in permafrost soils, vegetation, and stream networks. Browning, a result of changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export to river syst
Hur gestaltar vi klimatförändringar? Hur pratar vi om mänsklighetens största utmaning någonsin? Vad innebär det att ställa om? Hur vill vi leva när klimatkrisen är över? Vilka är berättelserna och vad gör de med oss?Välkommen till Omställningsberättelser. Här utforskar vi kulturens roll i övergången till en fossilfri värld.Genom vår podcast låter vi konstnärer komma till tals, i samtal med forskarA new podcast, which is devoted to exploring the role of culture in transition to a fossil-free world. The conversation between researcher and people working with culture is in Swedish.
Chemical defences against predators underlie the evolution of aposematic coloration and mimicry, which are classic examples of adaptive evolution. Surprisingly little is known about the roles of ecological and evolutionary processes maintaining defence variation, and how they may feedback to shape the evolutionary dynamics of species. Cyanogenic Heliconius butterflies exhibit diverse warning color
BackgroundThe Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is frequently used to measure frailty in critically ill adults. There is wide variation in the approach to analysing the relationship between the CFS score and mortality after admission to the ICU. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of modelling approach on the association between the CFS score and short-term mortality and quantify the prognostic
Vehicle availability data is emerging as a potential data source for micro-mobility research and applications. However, there is not yet research that systematically evaluates or validates the processing of this emerging mobility data. To fill this gap, we propose a generally applicable data processing framework and validate its related algorithms. The framework exploits micro-mobility vehicle ava
Novelty is a core value in science, and a reliable measurement of novelty is crucial. This study proposes a new approach of measuring the novelty of scientific articles based on both citation data and text data. The proposed approach considers an article to be novel if it cites a combination of semantically distant references. To this end, we first assign a word embedding–a vector representation o
Citation counts have long been considered as the primary bibliographic indicator for evaluating the quality of research—a practice premised on the assumption that citation count is reflective of the impact of a scientific publication. However, identifying several limitations in the use of citation counts alone, scholars have advanced the need for multifaceted quality evaluation methods. In this st
Ecological fiscal transfers (EFT) transfer public revenue between governments within a country based on ecological indicators. EFT can compensate subnational governments for the costs of conserving ecosystems and in principle can incentivize greater ecological conservation. We review established EFT in Brazil, Portugal, France, China and India, and emerging or proposed EFT in ten more countries. W
While an extensive part of the conflict transformation literature stresses the importance of transforming the identities of conflict parties through recognition, it fails to recognise the propensity of such transformations to generate ontological insecurity and dissonance, and consequently a possible backlash towards antagonistic identities. Drawing on agonistic thought, we develop a conception of
