Drugs prepared from organic and mineral substances have, throughout history, held a central position when it comes to preventing and curing disease. In Galenic medicine, foodstuffs, drugs and deadly substances, or poisons, were all accredited with the potential to affect the constitution of the body. While the Galenic paradigm continued to dominate formal medicine in the Middle Ages, the language

The xanthophyll cycle is of great importance in relation to light stress. Particularly, interest has been focused on the possible photoprotective role of zeaxanthin. In higher plants under light stress, zeaxanthin is formed from violaxanthin in a reaction catalyzed by violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE). The reverse reaction is catalyzed by zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZE) under low light or in darkness. VDE

THESE EXERCISES SERVE THE PURPOSE OF TRAINING THE UNDERSTANDING OF SEVERAL BASIC CONCEPTS IN ELEMENTARY UNIVERSITY-LEVEL MECHANICS. WHEREAS MECHANICS IS OFTEN TAUGHT AS A COURSE WHERE “PEN AND PAPER” ARE THE ONLY TOOLS, THESE EXERCISES ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE KNOWLEDGE ON HOW THE BASIC THEORY WORKS, ON PRACTICAL PROBLEMS, BY USING A MODERN SIMULATION COMPUTER SOFTWARE. BY SIMULATIONS THE GENERAL PERFOR

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Popular Abstract in Swedish Levande organismer, inklusive människor, har en 14C/12C-kvot som återspeglar miljön. När materialet dör slutar kroppen att fylla på 14C och kroppens 14C börjar sönderfalla till 14N. Detta gav upphov till den klassiska 14C-dateringsmetoden, vilken utvecklades av professor W.F. Libby, 1949 och gav honom Nobelpriset i kemi 1960. 14C-datering används huvudsakligen inom arkeThe testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, in the middle of the 20'h century, resulted in a bomb-pulse excess of atmospheric 14C. A bomb-pulse dating method was thus developed. The latter is a method to determine the time of formation of formerly living modern (i.e. living after 1955) material , based on the 14C/ 12C ratio in it. The objective of this work was to evaluate the factors that c

We are good at discussing law statements of different epistemic status, and to describe logical relationships between different law statements. But contemporary discussion often suffers from a difficulty to formulate questions concerning laws of different ontological status. This paper presents a framework for distinguishing between properties and fake properties that seems to provide better tools

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kloning är inte enbart ett sätt för genetiska ingenjörer att framställa identiskt lika får. Det är framför allt ett naturligt förökningssätt för många djur och växter. Bladlöss, björnbär och backlök är tre exempel på vanliga organismer som förökar sig genom kloning. Enligt gängse evolutionär teori är kloning – eller asexuell reproduktion – ett effektivare sätt att produEvolutionary theory predicts a disadvantage to sexual reproduction. This manifests itself either by the higher growth rate of asexual females in a dioecious species, or by the higher transmission rate of a gene conferring asexual female function to its carriers in a hermaphrodite species. The disadvantage to sexual reproduction may be as high as two-fold provided all else is equal. This phenomenon

Student–industry activities are often heralded as win–win–win activities in which students gain knowledge of their future professional fields, companies access student knowledge, and universities both offer students stimulating learning opportunities and strengthen ties with industry. Student–industry projects can be defined as an active learning methodology characterized by pedagogical values suc

In this paper we define a many-valued semantics for hybrid logic and we give a sound and complete tableau system which is proof theoretically well-behaved, in particular, it gives rise to a decision procedure for the logic. This shows that many-valued hybrid logics is a natural enterprise and opens up the way for future applications.