Animal eyes that are primarily used under low-light conditions usually have optical systems of short depth of focus, such that chromatic defocus may lead to considerable blurring of the images. In some vertebrates, the problem is solved by multifocal lenses having concentric zones of different focal lengths, each of which focuses a different relevant spectral range onto the retina. A partially con

Objectives This study examined the degree to which long workhours in combination with an extended workweek (12 hours/7 days) with permanent day shifts (0700-1900), as requested by the workers, influenced biomarkers for stress, metabolic processes, and diurnal rhythm. Methods Construction workers (N=50) working 84 hours a week, with alternate weeks off, were compared with construction workers (N=25

In this paper, we demonstrate the ability of liquid-liquid partition chromatography (LLPC) to detect conformational alterations occurring in well-characterized enzymes. The conformational changes induced in dehydrogenases such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) upon binding of ligand(s) were

A numerical investigation of impingement heat transfer and fluid flow in a rectangular two-pass duct was carried out. The impingement wall was smooth or with periodically mounted square ribs. A multiblock parallel CFD code was employed for the calculation. The turbulence modeling was treated by applying a low Reynolds number turbulence eddy viscosity model (LEVM) and a V2F model. First, the calcul

HIV particles that use the chemokine receptor CXCR4 as a coreceptor for entry into cells (X4-HIV) inefficiently transmit infection across mucosal surfaces [1], despite their presence in seminal fluid and mucosal secretions from infected individuals [2] [3] [4]. In addition, although intestinal lymphocytes are susceptible to infection with either X4-HIV particles or particles that use the chemokine

Bilayer-forming lipids were shown to be ineffective in sustaining the enzymatic activity of violaxanthin de-epoxidase. On the other hand, non-bilayer-forming lipids, regard-less of their different chemical character, ensured high activity of violaxanthin de-epoxidase, resulting in conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin. Our data indicates that the presence of lipids forming reversed hexagonal st

Three major PITX2 isoforms are differentially expressed in human, mice, zebrafish, chick, and frog tissues. To demonstrate differential regulation of gene expression by these isoforms we used three different promoters and three cell lines. Transient transfection of Chinese hamster ovary, HeLa, and LS-8 cell lines revealed differences in PITX2A and PITX2C activation of the PLOD1 and Dlx2 promoters,

A three-dimensional correlation function obtained from midrapidity, low p(T), pion pairs in central Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV is studied. The extracted model-independent source function indicates a long range tail in the directions of the pion pair transverse momentum (out) and the beam (long). A proper breakup time tau(0) similar to 9 fm/c and a mean proper emission duration Delta

Light microscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy showed that hyphae of Bipolaris sorokiniana adhered to the wax surfaces of barley leaves by means of an extensive extracellular matrix (ECM). Prehelminthosporol, the major non-host specific phytotoxin formed by B. sorokiniana was immunolocalized in large amounts in the ECM surrounding the hyphae. Similarly, esterase activity involved in degrad

The incidence of invasive group B streptococcus (GBS) infections in non-pregnant adults is increasing. Little is known about GBS in periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). We aimed to analyse the clinical presentation of GBS PJI and its treatment in association with the outcome. The characteristics of 36 GBS PJIs collected from 10 centres were investigated. In 34 episodes, follow-up examination of

OBJECTIVE: To assess postural performance in patients with dizziness of suspected cervical origin in whom extracervical causes had been excluded, and to assess the effects of physiotherapy on postural performance and subjective complaints of neck pain and dizziness. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Primary care centers and a tertiary referral center. PATIENTS AND SUBJECT

We have studied the effects of bulk anisotropy and the strain induced by lattice mismatch on the interband tunneling in broken-gap single-barrier InAs/AlSb/GaSb heterostructures and double-barrier InAs/AlSb/GaSb/InAs/AlSb/GaSb heterostructures. We have used the eight-band k.p model and the scattering matrix method, combined with the Burt envelope function theory, to calculate the interband transmi

Many strains of the important human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes form aggregates when grown in vitro in liquid medium. The present studies demonstrate that this property is crucial for the adherence, the resistance to phagocytosis and the virulence of S. pyogenes. A conserved sequence of 19 amino acid residues (designated AHP) was identified in surface proteins of common S. pyogenes serotypes.

Aim: The objective of this study was to describe patients who experienced an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by age group. Methods: All patients who suffered from an OHCA between 1990 and 2005 and are included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry (n = 40,503) were classified into the following age groups: neonates, younger than 1 year; young children, between 1 and 4 years; older children,