The European Union as a User of Economic Sanctions: Patterns and Effects on Trade
This study estimates the trade effects of economic sanctions used by the European Union 1990-2000. The EU has used economic sanctions frequently since the early nineties. These sanctions are compiled into a comprehensive list for the period 1990-2000, and classified as limited or extensive. Then, a gravity model is used to estimate how sanctions have affected trade between the EU and target countr
