Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by typical motor symptoms that are caused by depletion of dopamine (DA) in the striatum. These symptoms are treated with the DA precursor L-DOPA, or with DA receptor (DAR) agonists. L-DOPA is the most efficacious treatment, but causes complications that limit its utility, in particular, dyskinesia (involuntary movements). Model

Humlesugan, Betonica officinalis L., är en av den skandinaviska florans sällsyntaste växter och samtidigt en av de arter som har den längsta dokumenterade historien. Den rapporterades från Stehag väster om Ringsjön i Skåne av Christiern Pedersen redan 1534, Skånes äldsta litteraturuppgift där en växtart knyts till en lokal. I övriga Danmark beskrevs den med lokaluppgift första gången av Peder Laur

Circadian rhythms are physiological and behavioural cycles generated by an endogenous biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The circadian system influences the majority of physiological processes, including sleep-wake homeostasis. Impaired sleep and alertness are common symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders, and circadian dysfunction might exacerbate the disease process. The pathophysio

The complexity of the human brain derives from the intricate interplay of molecular instructions during development. Here we systematically investigated gene expression changes in the prenatal human striatum and cerebral cortex during development from post-conception weeks 2 to 20. We identified tissue-specific gene coexpression networks, differentially expressed genes and a minimal set of bimodal

Generation of neurons from patient fibroblasts using a combination of developmentally defined transcription factors has great potential in disease modelling, as well as ultimately for use in regeneration and repair. However, generation of physiologically mature neurons in vitro remains problematic. Here we demonstrate the cell-cycle-dependent phosphorylation of a key reprogramming transcription fa

IMPORTANCE: Sleep disturbances are recognized as a common nonmotor complaint in Parkinson disease but their etiology is poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To define the sleep and circadian phenotype of patients with early-stage Parkinson disease.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Initial assessment of sleep characteristics in a large population-representative incident Parkinson disease cohort (N=239) at

Cognitive impairment represents an important and often defining component of the clinical syndromes of Lewy body disorders: Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. The spectrum of cognitive deficits in these Lewy body diseases encompasses a broad range of clinical features, severity of impairment, and timing of presentation. It is now recognized that cognitive dysfunction occurs not onl

BACKGROUND: Dopaminergic drugs remain the mainstay of Parkinson's disease therapy but often fail to improve cognitive problems such as impulsivity. This may be due to the loss of other neurotransmitters, including noradrenaline, which is linked to impulsivity and response inhibition. We therefore examined the effect of the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine on response inhibiti

Impulsivity is common in Parkinson's disease even in the absence of impulse control disorders. It is likely to be multifactorial, including a dopaminergic 'overdose' and structural changes in the frontostriatal circuits for motor control. In addition, we proposed that changes in serotonergic projections to the forebrain also contribute to response inhibition in Parkinson's disease, based on precli

Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are common in patients with established Parkinson's disease (PD) and have a major impact upon quality of life. We investigated the significance of NMS in relation to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with newly diagnosed PD. Patients and healthy controls were recruited as part of the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment in Cohorts with Longitudinal Evaluation

BACKGROUND: Primary prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy is indicated for patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We aimed to determine if preoperative clinical risk profiling can predict long-term benefit, and if clinical risk scores can be applied and improved in a patient cohort outside the clinical trial setting.METHODS: Using registry data

Reliable reconstructions of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (pCO2) are required at higher resolution than currently available to help resolve the relationship between mass extinctions and changes in palaeo-pCO2 levels. Such reconstructions are needed: 1, at a high temporal resolution for constraining the pre- and post-extinction atmospheres; and 2, at a sufficient spatial resolution to c

beta-Haemolytic streptococci of groups C (GCS) and G (GGS) from human infections typically belong to Streptococcus dysgalactiae and are important human pathogens. Among GGS (183 isolates), several emm-types were identified without significant differences between different sites of isolation. For GCS (79 isolates), the type-distribution was markedly different and more restricted.

The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of optimizing prophylactic dosing of factor VIII by the use of individual pharmacokinetic data. Twenty-one patients were enrolled in a randomized cross-over study on standard dosage regimens vs. dosing according to pharmacokinetic principles. The study period was 2 x 6 months. Using single-dose pharmacokinetic data for each patient, plasma fa

At the haemophilia centre in Malmo, Sweden, regular prophylactic treatment is begun at 1-1 1/4 years of age, before the onset of joint bleeds. The dose and dose interval are optimised by means of pharmacokinetic studies to determine the individual patient's FVIII or IX metabolism, the goal of maintaining a level > 1% of normal being taken as a guideline which experience has shown to yield satisfac