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Fluorescence spectra provide information on the depth of fluorescent lesions in tissue

The fluorescence spectrum measured from a fluorophore in tissue is affected by the absorption and scattering properties of the tissue, as well as by the measurement geometry. We analyze this effect with Monte Carlo simulations and by measurements on phantoms. The spectral changes can be used to estimate the depth of a fluorescent lesion embedded in the tissue by measurement of the fluorescence sig

Scanning tunneling microscopy study of metal-free phthalocyanine monolayer structures on graphite

Low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies of metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) adsorbed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) have shown ordered arrangement of molecules for low coverages up to 1 ML. Evaporation of H2Pc onto HOPG and annealing of the sample to 670 K result in a densely packed structure of the molecules. Arrangements of submonolayer, monolayer, and monolayer

Biofilm photobioreactors for the treatment of industrial wastewaters.

A flat plate and a tubular packed-bed photobioreactor with an algal-bacterial biofilm attached onto Poraver((R)) beads carriers, a flat plate and a tubular photobioreactor with the biofilm attached onto the reactor walls, and an algal-turf reactor were compared in terms of BOD removal efficiencies, elimination capacities, and stability. A control column photobioreactor with suspended algal-bacteri

An Efficient Numerical Algorithm for Cracks Partly in Frictionless Contact

An algorithm for a loaded crack partly in frictionless contact is presented. The problem is nonlinear in the sense that the equations of linear elasticity are supplemented by certain contact inequalities. The location of a priori unknown contact zones and the solutions to the field equations must be determined simultaneously. The algorithm is based on a rapidly converging sequence of relaxed Fredh

Probing the nature of the G1 clump stellar overdensity in the outskirts of M31

We present deep Hubble Space Telescope ACS observations of the G1 clump, a distinct stellar overdensity lying at similar to 30 kpc along the southwestern major axis of M31, close to the G1 globular cluster ( from the work of Ferguson and coworkers). Our well-populated color-magnitude diagram reaches similar to 7 mag below the red giant branch tip with 90% completeness, and allows the detection of

Species-specific effects of vascular plants on carbon turnover and methane emissions from wetlands

Species composition affects the carbon turnover and the formation and emission of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) in wetlands. Here we investigate the individual effects of vascular plant species on the carbon cycling in a wetland ecosystem. We used a novel combination of laboratory methods and controlled environment facilities and studied three different vascular plant species (Eriophorum vagina

School marks for Swedish children whose mothers had diabetes during pregnancy: a population-based study

Aims/hypothesis To study, at a population level, school performance when leaving compulsory school of Swedish children whose mothers had diabetes during pregnancy compared with a reference population. Mehtohds We linked the Swedish Medical Birth Register with the Swedish School Mark Register, which contains school marks for all children in Sweden when leaving compulsory school. A total of 6,397 ch

Loop-shaping design of PID controllers with constant Ti/Td ratio

This paper presents new tuning rules for PIDcontrollers based on loop shaping. Previous research has shownthat maximization of the integral gain subject to constraints on the maximumsensitivity is an efficient design method for PI controllers, but thatadditional constraints are needed for design of PID controllers. Inthis paper, an additional constraint is obtained by restricting theratio between

Protein reconstitution and three-dimensional domain swapping: Benefits and constraints of covalency

The phenomena of protein reconstitution and three-dimensional domain swapping reveal that highly similar structures can be obtained whether a protein is comprised of one or more polypeptide chains. In this review, we use protein reconstitution as a lens through which to examine the range of protein tolerance to chain interruptions and the roles of the primary structure in related features of prote

Negative neurofilament light and tau immunostaining in frontotemporal dementia

We investigated the immunohistochemical stainability of phosphorylated tau and the light (NFL), intermediate (NFM), and heavy (NFH) neurofilament proteins in postmortem brain tissue from 8 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), for comparison with 6 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 6 normal controls. In the FTD group, the neuropathological diagnosis was pure frontal-lobe degenerat

Blood pharmacokinetics of various monoclonal antibodies labeled with a new trifunctional chelating reagent for simultaneous conjugation with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid and biotin before radiolabeling.

Purpose: Knowledge of the blood pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies is crucial in deciding the optimal time for starting the administration of a "clearing agent"or using a "clearing device." The primary purpose was to investigate whether the pharmacokinetics of various antibodies labeled with the same chelator and In-111 differed significantly after i.v. injection in immunocompetent rats. A

Quantifying male attractiveness and mating behaviour through phenotypic size manipulation in the trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata

Although many studies have examined the effects of male size on attractiveness and mating behaviour, few have taken genetic background into consideration. Phenotypic manipulation permits the experimental adjustment of morphological traits while keeping genetic background constant. Here, male guppies, Poecilia reticulata, an ideal model for this type of manipulation, were raised at different temper

Interactions between family members and staff in intensive care units-An observation and interview study.

Background: Research about interactions between family members and staff are sparse, although family members’ needs and experiences in intensive care units are well researched areas. Aim: The aim was to describe and interpret interactions between family members and staff in intensive care units. Methods: Interviews (n=24) with family members and repeated observations of interactions of family me

Molecular engineering of biotin-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 fusion protein (Biotin-GAD65) for non-radioactive GAD65 antibody assay

We constructed biotinylated fusion proteins that linked to three detection tags to GAD65 at the N-terminus, and expressed them in an E. coli expression system. The Biotin14-GAD65 protein exhibited the strongest binding to both the GAD65 antibody and the streptavidin among the three constructs. We describe the optimal conditions using a Biotin14-GAD65-based immunoassay for the detection of GAD65 an

Syntax and morphology in language attrition. A study of five bilingual, expatriate Swedes

This paper explores the attrition of different aspects of Swedish grammar. Empirical data from five bilingual expatriate students, who have lost parts of their first language due to a deactualization of Swedish, are compared to data from monolingual Swedish aphasic patients. The results indicate that some aspects of the grammar may be more affected than others in language attrition. The bilingual