We report a method for making horizontal wrap-gate nanowire transistors with up to four independently controllable wrap-gated segments. While the step up to two independent wrap-gates requires a major change in fabrication methodology, a key advantage to this new approach, and the horizontal orientation more generally, is that achieving more than two wrap-gate segments then requires no extra fabri

The European Landscape Convention indicates that assessment of different dimensions that exist in landscapes should be taken into account in planning. In this study, we first investigated ecological, cultural and social values as perceived by the local people in a highway-planning process in Sweden. Next, we explored which factors influenced the local people's participation in the road-planning pr

A study was undertaken to test the affect of chronic exposure to elevated dissolved carbon dioxide on juvenile Atlantic cod. The CO2 treatment concentrations were designated as low (1-2 mg L-1, 1000 mu atm), medium (8 mg L-1, 3500 mu atm) and high (18 mg L-1, 8500 mu atm), and the fish were reared at 10 C and 20% salinity. A marked observation at the end of the 55 day trial was that an increase in

Bats evolved the ability of powered flight more than 50 million years ago. The modern bat is an efficient flyer and recent research on bat flight has revealed many intriguing facts. By using particle image velocimetry to visualize wake vortices, both the magnitude and time-history of aerodynamic forces can be estimated. At most speeds the downstroke generates both lift and thrust, whereas the func

In this paper, we report on measurements of bremsstrahlung in laser ion acceleration experiments from ultra-thin, polymer-based target foils. The influence of laser polarization on the generated radiation, the maximum achievable proton energy and the total proton number is investigated. A clear benefit in terms of radiation reduction by the use of circular polarized light can be observed. At the s

PURPOSE: preeclampsia (PE) is a severe, multi-system pregnancy disorder of yet unknown cause, missing means of treatment, and our fundamental understanding of the disease is still impaired. The purpose of this discovery study was to define candidate placenta tissue protein biomarker signatures to further decipher the molecular features of PE.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: we used recombinant antibody microa

Background: Mancozeb and its main metabolite ethylene thiourea (ETU) may alter thyroid function; thyroid hormones are essential for fetal brain development. In Costa Rica, mancozeb is aerially sprayed at large-scale banana plantations on a weekly basis. Objectives: (1) evaluate urinary ETU concentrations in pregnant women living nearby large-scale banana plantations; (2) compare their estimated da

Pollinator populations have suffered severe declines in many industrialised countries due to reduced floral and nesting resources, brought on by agricultural intensification. One potential method of mitigating these effects is creating flower strips. Most previous studies have shown higher pollinator abundances in flower strips, but none have been able to demonstrate increased pollinator abundance

BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (BPs) regulate cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and may have a role in the aetiology of various cancers. Information on their role in pancreatic cancer is limited and was examined here in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. METHODS: Serum conc

Obesity is linked to various diseases, including insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. The idea of inducing white adipose tissue (WAT) to assume characteristics of brown adipose tissue (BAT), and thus gearing it to fat-burning instead of storage, is receiving serious consideration as potential treatment for obesity and related disorders. Phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) links ins

BACKGROUND: Accumulating data suggest a role of chemokines in tumor cell metastasis. CCR4 has been implicated in hematologic malignancies and recently also in solid tumors. Herein, we hypothesized that CCR4 might be expressed and support migration of colon cancer cells. METHODS: We used quantitative RT-PCR and flow cytometry to determine mRNA and surface expression of CCR4 on colon cancer cell lin

Thyroid hormone level has been positively associated with breast cancer risk and with breast cancer cell proliferation and growth. Although breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, this is the first study assessing pre-diagnostic levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) in relation to breast cancer s

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that results in damage to myelin sheaths and axons in the central nervous system and which preferentially affects young adults. We performed a proteomics-based biomarker discovery study in which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from MS and control individuals was analyzed (n=112). Ten candidate biomarkers were selected for eval

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy. The survival rate in the Scandinavian countries is now around 85 %. ALL patients treated with cranial radiotherapy (CRT) are at risk for growth hormone deficiency (GHD), but little is known about other pituitary insufficiencies, e.g. ACTH. Adult ALL patients (median age at study 25 years), treated with 24 Gy (18-30) of CR

In this work we have developed InAs nanowire templates, with designed zinc blende and wurtzite segments, for selective growth of radial GaSb heterostructures using metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. We find that the radial growth rate of GaSb is determined by the crystal phase of InAs, and that growth is suppressed on InAs segments with a pure wurtzite crystal phase. The morphology and the thickne

Secure base scripts (SBS) are thought of as the earliest, rudimentary mental representations of attachment, comprising temporally and causally related events occurring in interactions between children and their attachment figures. SBS have been studied in preschool children, adolescents and adults, but there is little research relating SBS to other attachment measures in middle childhood. Here, th

AimTo describe the associations between positive and negative reactions of informal caregivers of people with dementia and health outcomes across eight European Countries. BackgroundCaring for someone with dementia may have implications for the caregiver's own health and for the care recipient. These consequences could be associated with caregivers' reactions to the process of care. DesignAssociat

In this paper, we describe a novel approach to create 3D miniatures of persons using a Kinect sensor and a 3D color printer. To achieve this, we acquire color and depth images while the person is rotating on a swivel chair. We represent the model with a signed distance function which is updated and visualized as the images are captured for immediate feedback. Our approach automatically fills small

The article focuses on a case of rewriting of a short episode in the narrative of Erri De Luca. It is all about a cry: in 1930, in the harbour of Naples, an anonymous woman who is watching the departure of a ship suddenly cries out the name of Salvatore, probably her son being on the ship to emigrate to America. This episode, narrated in the tale “Udito: un grido” first published 1993, returns wit

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a common and increasing tick-borne disease in Europe. The risk of acquiring a Borrelia infection after a tick bite is not fully known. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of Borrelia infection after a bite by a Borrelia-infected tick and if the Borrelia load and/or the duration of tick-feeding influenced the risk of infection. During 2008-2009, ticks and blood samples