Aims/hypothesis The role of biomarkers of subclinical inflammation in the early deterioration of glycaemia before type 2 diabetes is largely unknown. We hypothesised that increased levels of circulating proinflammatory biomarkers and decreased circulating adiponectin would be associated with 7 year increases of HbA(1c) in non-diabetic individuals. Methods This study was based on individuals who pa

Overflow metabolism, i.e. the production of metabolic by-products at a high glycolytic flux, is a recurring problem in fed-batch processes with many types of microorganisms. In the current study, a novel feeding strategy aimed at avoiding process failures due to overflow by-product formation was designed and implemented in a pilot-scale reactor (0.5 m3). The basic principle behind the strategy was

Impaired insulin secretion is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Epigenetics may affect disease susceptibility. To describe the human methylome in pancreatic islets and determine the epigenetic basis of T2D, we analyzed DNA methylation of 479,927 CpG sites and the transcriptome in pancreatic islets from T2D and non-diabetic donors. We provide a detailed map of the global DNA methylation pattern

John Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) constitutes a powerful tool for understanding the policy process, and more specifically, agenda-setting, through three separate streams: problems, policies and politics. This article argues that the MSF would benefit from further development of the problem stream. It introduces a clearer conception of agency into the problem stream by suggesting the

Shelf and coastal regions are exceptionally important for many countries as they provide the main habitat for many economically important fish and shellfish species. With ongoing climate change and human-induced eutrophication the shelf regions are especially affected, resulting in increased temperatures and stratification as well as oxygen depletion of the bottom waters. In order to be able to pr

Thermal radiation is the dominating form of heat transfer in several combustion technologies that combust solid fuels, such as pulverized coal combustion and fixed bed combustion. The thermal radiation originates from the hot combustion gases and particles. For accurate modelling of thermal radiation in these environments the selection of the radiative transport model and radiative property model

Imprinting theory suggests that founding conditions are stamped' on organizations, and these imprinted routines often resist change. In contrast, strategic choice theory suggests that the firm can overcome organizational inertia and deliberately choose its future. Both theories offer dramatically different explanations behind an organization's capacity for change. IPO firms provide a unique contex

Using kilometric arrays of air Cherenkov telescopes at short wavelengths, intensity interferometry may increase the spatial resolution achieved in optical astronomy by an order of magnitude, enabling images of rapidly rotating hot stars with structures in their circumstellar disks and winds, or mapping out patterns of nonradial pulsations across stellar surfaces. Intensity interferometry (once pio

Objectives: To explore the views of experts about the development and validation of a robotic surgery training curriculum, and how this should be implemented. Materials and methods: An international expert panel was invited to a structured session for discussion. The study was of a mixed design, including qualitative and quantitative components based on focus group interviews during the European A

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency is a rare form of autosomal recessive combined primary immunodeficiency caused by a enzyme defect leading to the accumulation of inosine, 2'-deoxy-inosine (dIno), guanosine, and 2'-deoxy-guanosine (dGuo) in all cells, especially lymphocytes. Treatments are available and curative for PNP deficiency, but their efficacy depends on the early approach. P

Conservation priority areas and programs are often established without consideration of future changes in species distributions. However, global change is expected to threaten the persistence of several species while offering opportunities for range expansion to others. In this study, building on previous work, we develop and implement an approach to classify bird species according to their degree

This paper is the third in a series which recounts experiences in a project conducted in a newly created department of the University of Portsmouth, following a faculty reorganization. In this context, the 25 staff of the department wished to explore possibilities ofr development in a range of areas of work. A variant of the framework for Strategic Systemic Thinking (SST) was used to support such

Normal ageing in men is associated with a physiological decline in testosterone levels, but adverse environmental or psychosocial factors may also impair testosterone secretion and cause secondary biological changes. In a number of observational or experimental studies in both animals and man, it has been possible to study the influences on gonadal function of stressful life situations. To underst

Local mode spectroscopy and ab initio modeling are used to investigate two trigonal defects found in carbon rich Si into which H had been in-diffused. Isotopic shifts with D and C-13 are reported along with the effect of uniaxial stress. Ab-initio modeling studies suggest that the two defects are two forms of the CH2* complex where one of the two hydrogen atoms lies at an anti-bonding site attache

In order to assess the potential of hydropsychid capture net anomalies as a bioindicator of chronic toxicity in streams and rivers, the effects of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) exposure on the net-spinning behavior of Hydropsyche slossonae were examined for anomalies after 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 exposure days to gradient concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenol. The net-spinning behavior was significantly

The article gives an overview of how the topic of totalitarian terror has been debated in the countries situated round the baltic Sea.