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Sample size re-assessment leading to a raised sample size does not inflate type I error rate under mild conditions.
One major concern with adaptive designs, such as the sample size adjustable designs, has been the fear of inflating the type I error rate. In (Stat Med 23:1023-1038, 2004) it is however proven that when observations follow a normal distribution and the interim result show promise, meaning that the conditional power exceeds 50%, type I error rate is protected. This bound and the distributional assu
Respiratory uncoupling by increased H+ or K+ flux is beneficial for heart mitochondrial turnover of reactive oxygen species but not for permeability transition
Background: Ischemic preconditioning has been proposed to involve changes in mitochondrial H+ and K+ fluxes, in particular through activation of uncoupling proteins and ATP-sensitive K+ channels (MitoK(ATP)). The objectives of the present study were to explore how increased H+ and K+ fluxes influence heart mitochondrial physiology with regard to production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species
Testing avian compass calibration: comparative experiments with diurnal and nocturnal passerine migrants in South Sweden.
Cue-conflict experiments were performed to study the compass calibration of one predominantly diurnal migrant, the dunnock (Prunella modularis), and two species of nocturnal passerine migrants, the sedge warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus), and the European robin (Erithacus rubecula) during autumn migration in South Sweden. The birds' orientation was recorded in circular cages under natural clear
Asthmatic symptoms among pupils in relation to microbial dust exposure in schools in Taiyuan, China
Microbial exposure has been indicated as significant in the development of asthma and allergy among children. The aim of the study was to test whether microbial exposure and allergens in the school environment are associated with asthmatic symptoms in pupils. Data on asthmatic symptoms and respiratory infections were collected through a questionnaire survey among 1993 pupils aged 11-15 yr in 10 ra
Reliability analysis for cementless hip prosthesis using a new optimized formulation of yield stress against elasticity modulus relationship
Using classical design optimization methods for implant-bone studies does not completely guarantee a safety and satisfactory performance, due in part to the randomness of bone properties and loading. Here, the material properties of the different bone layers are considered as uncertain parameters. So their corresponding yield stress values will not be deterministic, that leads to integrate variabl
Post-stroke depression and functional independence: a conundrum.
Brown C, Hasson H, Thyselius V, Almborg A-H. Post-stroke depression and functional independence: a conundrum. Acta Neurol Scand: DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01595.x. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives - People who suffer a stroke are at risk of developing post-stroke depression (PSD). Not only does this lower their quality of life but it also increases their risk of another stroke or d
Intrahost evolution of HIV-1 phenotypes
HIV-1 evolves constantly within an infected individual, due to its mutation-prone viral enzyme, high viral turnover and pressure from the host immune system. Therefore, viruses isolated at different time points from the same individual are never exactly the same and, accordingly, rarely function the same way. However, if we can understand how HIV-1 phenotypically evolves in the newly infected host
A pragmatic approach to dealing with fingolimod-related lynnphopaenia in Europe
Flow Cytometric Assessment Of Carbohydrate Histo-Blood Group Expression On Leucocyte Subpopulations
Multistream faster than Nyquist signaling
We extend Mazo's concept of faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling to pulse trains that modulate a bank of subcarriers, a method called two dimensional FTN signaling. The signal processing is similar to orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) transmission but the subchannels are not orthogonal. Despite nonorthogonal pulses and subcarriers, the method achieves the isolated-pulse error perfor
Robust Fundamental Frequency Estimation in the Presence of Inharmonicities
Effects of pre-meal drinks with protein and amino acids on glycemic and metabolic responses at a subsequent composite meal.
Whey proteins have insulinogenic properties and the effect appears to originate from a specific postprandial plasma amino acid pattern. The insulinogenic effect can be mimicked by a specific mixture of the five amino acids iso, leu, lys, thr and val.
Feud in Medieval And Early Modern Europe
The anti-staling effect of pre-gelatinized flour and emulsifier in gluten-free bread
The use of gluten-free products is increasing since an increasing number of people (1-2 %) are suffering from Celiac disease and thereby need a gluten-free diet. Gluten-free bread tends to have shorter shelf life and quality compared with white wheat bread. In this study, 3 % (flour basis) of pre-gelatinized oat and barley flour as well as an emulsifier were added to a gluten-free mix to increase
Investment in a sexual signal results in reduced survival under extreme conditions in the male great tit (Parus major)
Here, we tested for an ecologically valid cost to secondary sexual trait expression in the male great tit (Parus major). We compared the breast stripe area of a sample of males who survived extremely low night time temperatures with a sample who did not survive. Breast stripe area was significantly smaller in surviving males, suggesting a real cost of signalling in terms of survival. The relations
Breastfeeding progression in preterm infants is influenced by factors in infants, mothers and clinical practice: the results of a national cohort study with high breastfeeding initiation rates.
Many preterm infants are not capable of exclusive breastfeeding from birth. To guide mothers in breastfeeding, it is important to know when preterm infants can initiate breastfeeding and progress. The aim was to analyse postmenstrual age (PMA) at breastfeeding milestones in different preterm gestational age (GA) groups, to describe rates of breastfeeding duration at pre-defined times, as well as a
Vertical distribution and pigmentation of Antarctic zooplankton determined by a blend of UV radiation, predation and food availability
Selection pressure induced by simultaneously occurring environmental threats is a major evolutionary driver for organisms in terrestrial, as well as in aquatic ecosystems. For example, protection against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and predation include both morphological and behavioral components. Here we address those selective pressures on zooplankton by performing a latitudinal monitoring, com
The Value of the UroVysion((R)) Assay for Surveillance of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.
OBJECTIVE: Patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are traditionally followed by repeat cystoscopy and urine cytology. A fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique called UroVysion((R)) (UV) is now available for clinical diagnosis of urothelial cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to compare UV analysis with routine follow-up methods. METHODS: We studied an unselected cohort o
Riskbruk och beroende av alkohol, narkotika och tobak hos personer med svår psykisk sjukdom. Förekomst och återhämtning.
Denna avhandlings syfte är att öka kunskapen om riskbruk och ett möjligt skadligt bruk eller beroende av alkohol, narkotika och tobak bland personer med psykossjukdom. Syftet är vidare att fördjupa förståelsen av deras erfarenheter av alkoholens och narkotikans roll i sitt liv samt återhämtningsfrämjande mål för rehabilitering och självhjälp. Avhandlingen baseras på data insamlade med hjälp av str