The EU was initially created as an area of free trade amongst its Member States, its main objective is the realization of the full integration of the internal market. Of central importance to the objective is the fundamental freedoms and thereby the free movement of goods. However, in recent decades issues of an environmental nature have become more prevalent within the EU legal order and a framew

Detta examensarbete ger ett förslag på en ny järnvägsstation i Kirunas nya centrum. I Kiruna pågår just nu en stadsomvandling, där en tredjedel av staden flyttas tre kilometer österut på grund av markdeformationer från Kirunagruvan. Detta innebär stora förändringar för Kirunaborna men även stora förändringar i stadsbilden, då majoriteten av centrum har eller kommer rivas och byggas upp igen i nya This thesis gives a suggestion for a new railway station in the new city center of Kiruna, Sweden. Kiruna is now experiencing an urban transformation, where one third of the population and the city moves three kilometers to the east due to ground deformations coming from the Kiruna iron ore mine. This leads to huge changes for Kiruna’s population, but also huge changes in the cityscape, since most

Christian slaves and their view on the others A comparative analysis of European captivity narratives in Northern Africa during the eighteenth century In the 18 th century, several hundred thousand Europeans were captives in Northern Africa. They represented different nationalities and religions. During the same period, there were numerous conflicts based on religion, and the balance of power be

En ny underfamilj av cellulära vakter i växter Heterologt överuttryck av proteiner innebär att en gen som kodar för ett protein uttrycks i en annan värdorganism som normalt inte har den genen i sin arvsmassa. Inom biokemisk forskning är detta en viktig metod för att kunna studera proteiners struktur och funktion. Tyvärr kan uttrycket av en främmande gen medföra skador på värdorganismens celluläraHeterologous overexpression of proteins signifies that the encoding gene of a protein in one organism is expressed in another host organism that normally does not have that gene in its genome. In basic biochemical research, this is an important method for studying various protein functions such as activity and interactions in biological processes, as well as obtaining sufficient amounts to determi

With the rapid production of sportswear and its price advantage, consumption has also increased significantly, which has a rather negative impact on the environment, society, and the economy. Fashion retailers and their consumers are also well aware of this, and their demands for sustainable fashion have had a strong impact on the production of sportswear and consumer behaviour in recent years. Su

Recent years have seen digitalisation entangled in everyday life; with the broader context of a digitalised world, one can no longer see the digitalised retail space and its technological artefacts as a lone-standing phenomena. Instead, it is necessary to see digitalisation as way of understanding and being in the modern world. This paper explores the practices and subsequent meanings in the use o

I ett hållbart samhälle är tillgänglighet en viktig förutsättning för alla, oavsett deras bakgrund. Det finns olika komponenter som ingår inom begreppet tillgänglighet. En av dessa komponenter handlar om transportmöjligheten, att man ska ha möjlighet att transportera sig till olika punkter med minsta möjliga reseuppoffring. Detta kan uppnås med hjälp av kollektivtrafiken, eftersom kollektivtrafik In a sustainable society accessibility is vital and should be provided for everyone, regardless of their background. There are different components within accessibility as a concept. One of these components is transport, which has to do with the ability to transport to different destinations with minimum sacrifice. This can be achieved with public transport, because it’s available for everyone and

The purpose of this report is to investigate a branch and bound algorithm designed to construct monotone smoothing splines. The splines are defined as the solution of a minimization problem, where one wants to find a curve with non-negative derivative everywhere, that fits a data set consisting of points in the plane, while also being sufficiently smooth. The report describes the theory necessary

The common carotid artery (CCA), the artery that supplies our brains with oxygen, is of great importance in stroke research. The usual way to monitor the artery is by using ultrasound (US) imaging. An automated way of segmenting out the arteries from the US images is desired to optimize research. With an upswing in development of convolutional neural networks (CNN), this is now possible. CNN uses

Tidigare forskning visar att distansstudier vid högskolor och universitet har blivit allt vanligare. Den tidigare forskningen visar även att denna form av studier är vanligare hos individer från ett arbetarklasshem samt hos individer med föräldrar/vårdnadshavare som saknar högre studier. Syftet med denna studie var att utöka kunskapen kring distansstudier som en möjlighet till social rörlighet.

Vi lever idag i ett digitalt samhälle. Du använder förmodligen själv dagligen olika program och även om all mjukvara i slutändan består av ettor och nollor finns det allt som oftast en person bakom varje program som tagit fram den, en utvecklare. Programmerare tar ofta hjälp från så kallade mjukvaruplattformar. Dessa riktar sig inte direkt mot vanliga användare, utan mot just utvecklare av mjukvaThis research report was carried out in collaboration with Qlik AB and aimed to identify what aspects are needed from a software platform in order for developers to want to use them. It also aimed to identify how well the software platform Qlik Core had implemented these aspects. The research used online questionnaires, interviews and data analysis using Qlik Sense. The research compared how diffe

It has for long been known that dark matter must exist in our universe. Despite massive efforts to detect dark matter, its constituents remain a mystery. One strategy to unveil this mystery is to produce dark matter by colliding Standard Model particles. The most common signature of dark matter production is an excess of missing transverse energy, MET. Such an event would be very rare, which is wh

Elsparkcykel har blivit ett populärt fenomen i Sverige där flera företag erbjuder uthyrning av detta transportmedel. Vid studiens tidpunkt kunde konstateras att få hade studerat fenomenet och vad användarna ansåg vara av värde med elsparkcykeln, det fanns därmed ett kunskapsgap inom området. Syftet med denna studie blev därför att öka förståelsen för vad användarna ansåg vara av värde med användan

Höga näringshalter har uppmätts i Hagaån på Orust, Västra Götaland och kan i framtiden leda till övergödning och därmed ge förödande effekter på ekosystemet. Fisk har redan börjat minska på västkusten och en anledning kan vara näringsläckage från jordbruksmark. Det är allmänt känt, att övergödning är ett stort miljöproblem i våra sjöar och hav. Mänskliga aktiviteter som exempelvis jordbruk och avEutrophication of aquatic environments is a worldwide problem which is usually caused by leakage of nutrients from human activities on land. The primary production rises greatly when concentrations of phosphor and nitrogen increases, which can result in disturbances in the ecosystems. The aim of this project was to analyse the content of total-phosphor and total-nitrogen in different flow rates in

Tonvis av betong används på svenska byggen varje år. Detta trots att tillverkningen av en av huvudingrediensenserna - cement - ger stora mängder koldioxidutsläpp. Genom att ersätta en del av cementet med ett visst specialcement minskar koldioxidutsläppen samtidigt som betongen torkar fortare. För de flesta höghus som byggs i Sverige idag används betong som byggmaterial. Enorma mängder betong gårThis master thesis work concerns the effect of high-alumina additives on the selfdesication of concrete. The purpose of the work was to examine the possibilities to optimize the binder-content of concrete with regards to self-desiccation. Two highalumina additives have been examined. In the experiments 10% of the binder mass has been replaced with one of these additives. Commercially available ceme

This paper evaluates the profitability of adding green bonds to a portfolio consisting of stocks and conventional bonds. To determine the profitability, ten portfolios with varying weights on green bonds, conventional bonds and stocks, are constructed. The risk-adjusted returns on the portfolios are implemented in time series regressions of several asset pricing models, including the Capital Asset

Med ordet ’plast’ avses i vardagligt bruk typiskt helt eller delvis syntetiskt framställda polymerer (långa kedjor av upprepande mindre enheter), ofta tillverkade av ursprungligen fossilt råmaterial. Tack vare det stora omfång av önskvärda egenskaper som plaster generellt besitter, däribland uthållighet mot biologisk och kemisk nedbrytning samt låga produktionskostnader, har plaster blivit allstädThe many advantageous abilities of plastics have made them omnipresent in today’s society. However, the low cost of production, light weight, durability and insolubility in water combined with inadequate waste handling have led to a vast and increasing accumulation of plastics in nature, approximated to be over 6 300 million tons (Geyer, Jambeck and Law, 2017, ‘Production, use, and fate of all pla

The objective of this thesis was to investigate how double skin facades (DSFs) meet daylight and energy requirements compared to single skin facades (SSFs), also considering the life cycle costing (LLC) of both solutions. A South facing, an unobstructed glazed office building in Sweden was used as a basic building object, where SSFs and DSFs were iteratively applied. A mid-level floor was chosen a

Digital media and social media are by now established platforms for daily online social interaction, expression and debate, also in the political field. They offer users a space to voice and exchange opinions, as well as a tool to organise political acts of protest or support around offline world events. And they are changing the game of politics in remarkable ways. Political institutions such as