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An experiment designed to test the effects of different forms of training in a visual-search-like task is reported. Observers were presented with a series of displays containing a central letter and a ring of peripheral characters, one of which was a digit. Odd digits (catch trials) required a space-bar response; even digits required a different response contingent on the identity of the central l

It is well established that the mechanical environment modulates tissue differentiation, and a number of mechanoregulatory theories for describing the process have been proposed. In this study, simulations of an in vivo bone chamber experiment were performed that allowed direct comparison with experimental data. A mechanoregulation theory for mesenchymal stem cell differentiation based on a combin

This paper presents a practical method for finding the provably globally optimal solution to numerous problems in projective geometry including multiview triangulation, camera resectioning and hemography estimation. Unlike traditional methods which may get trapped in local minima due to the non-convex nature of these problems, this approach provides a theoretical guarantee of global optimality. Th

Human neutrophils have an important role in host defense against microbial infection. At different stages of an infectious process, neutrophils progressively up-regulate receptors and release various effector molecules. These are stored in several distinct types of granules with varying propensity to be secreted. Heparin-binding protein (HBP), also known as CAP37 or azurocidin, is a multifunctiona

The present study examined whether event-related potential (ERP) memory effects and measures of ongoing EEG activity (power and phase locking) are sensitive to varying source retrieval requirements in recognition memory. ERP old/new effects were obtained in two distinct source-memory tasks. Functionally related EEG power and phase locking effects were found in the delta and theta frequency range.

Near- and mid-infrared absorption spectra of pure water and aqueous 1.0 g/dL glucose solutions in the wavenumber range 8000-950 cm(-1) were measured in the temperature range 30-42 C in steps of 2 degreesC. Measurements were carried out with an FT-IR spectrometer and a variable pathlength transmission cell controlled within 0.02 degreesC. Pathlengths of 50 mum and 0.4 mm were used in the mid- and n

Variation in ontogenetic development among individuals may be a major contributor to morphological variation within species. Evolution of different growth trajectories might, for example, evolve as a response to varying ecological contexts of individuals living in different environments, or by life-stage or gender differences. The intertidal periwinkle Littorina saxatilis is strongly polymorphic i

Lipase-mediated acrylation is an attractive alternative to more traditional chemical processes, since it provides specific catalysis under mild conditions. A detailed study of the effects of solvent choice and substrate concentrations on the acrylation of octanol by Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozyme(R) 435) is presented. Acrylic acid was found to have a pronounced inhibitory effect. Partial ne

ObjectiveTo determine whether an experienced ultrasound examiner, using good ultrasound equipment with high multifrequency probes, can discriminate between a high grade or low grade dysplastic adenoma (pT0) and very early invasive rectal cancers (pT1). Subjects and methodsSixty consecutive patients with clinically possibly pT0 or pT1 rectal tumours referred for transanal local excision underwent

Atopic eczema (AE) is a major risk factor for hand eczema. In Scandinavian population-based studies, the occurrence of AE in childhood has often been assessed by the question 'Have you had childhood eczema?' In the present study, this question was validated. A questionnaire was sent to 600 cases with AE and 600 controls without eczema or allergic disease, identified in school medical records from

The nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), originally identified in T-cells, has since been shown to play a role in mediating Ca(2+)-dependent gene transcription in diverse cell types outside of the immune system. We have previously shown that nuclear accumulation of NFATc3 is induced in ileal smooth muscle by platelet-derived growth factor in a manner that depends on Ca(2+) influx through L-

Cyclic AMP potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin release and mediates the stimulatory effects of hormones such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) on pancreatic b-cells. By inhibition of cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterase (PDE) and, in particular, selective inhibition of PDE3 activity, stimulatory effects on insulin secretion have been observed. Molecular and functional information on b-cell PDE3 is

We report electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies on photosystem II (PSII) from higher plants in five different domains of the thylakoid membrane prepared by sonication and two-phase partitioning. The domains studied were the grana core, the entire grana stack, the grana margins, the stroma lamellae and the purified stromal fraction, Y100. The electron transport properties of both donor and

We tested 74 passerine microsatellite loci for cross-amplification in the Principe seedeater (Serinus rufobrunneus), and identified 15 loci that were both polymorphic and easy to score. In a sample of 113 individuals, the number of alleles ranged between three and 71. Three loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after correcting for multiple tests, and one locus had high estimated null alle

Human activities have altered riverine silica cycling and diminished the supply of silica to the oceans, but few rivers have been intensively monitored to evaluate the magnitude of these changes. In this study we measured dissolved silica (DSi) and amorphous silica (ASi) fluxes into and out of two large, culturally-impacted natural impoundments of the upper Mississippi River, Lakes St. Croix and P

The dUDP analogue, 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-(α,β-imido)diphosphate (dUPNP) was synthesized. The corresponding triphosphate analogue (dUPNPP) was prepared by enzymic phosphorylation of dUPNP using the enzyme pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate as the phosphate donor. This method was successful in phosphorylating the imidodiphosphate analogue of 2'-deoxythymidine (dTPNP) to 2'-deoxythymidine 5'-(α,β-i