Tephra horizons are potentially perfect time markers for dating and cross-correlation among diverse Holocene palaeoenvironmental records such as ice cores and marine and terrestrial sequences, but we need to trust their age. Here we present a new age estimate of the Holocene Mjauvotn tephra A using accelerator mass spectrometry C-14 dates from two lakes on the Faroe Islands. With Bayesian age mode

Metabolomic screening of fasting plasma from nondiabetic subjects identified alpha-hydroxybutyrate (alpha-HB) and linoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (L-GPC) as joint markers of insulin resistance (IR) and glucose intolerance. To test the predictivity of alpha-HB and L-GPC for incident dysglycemia, alpha-HB and L-GPC measurements were obtained in two observational cohorts, comprising 1,261 nondiabetic

Paleomagnetic and mineral magnetic analyses were carried out on Miocene clays from upper unit II at Sites M0027 and M0028 recovered during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 313 on the New Jersey shallow shelf. A zone of mixed polarity in the lower section of Hole M0028A and dual overlapping magnetization components in upper Hole M0027A indicate that the sediments may have been chemicall

Roundabouts are continuing to increase due to their high traffic safety, low delay times and their winning design. However, there are also problems related to roundabouts; the traffic safety for cyclists is unclear or even negative and there are reports of accessibility problems for people with visual impairment. The overall objective of this project is to identify designs that improve the situati

Popular Abstract in Swedish Artros är den vanligaste ledsjukdomen i världen, och orsakar ledvärk och stelhet. Artros leder till försvagning av brosket och sedermera förlust av allt större mängder belastat ledbrosk. För närvarande är vanlig röntgen den gyllene standarden för att diagnostisera knäartros. Dock är sjukdomsförloppet ofta väldigt långt framskridet när broskförändringar börjar synas på rOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder worldwide, causing joint pain and stiffness. The current gold standard for diagnosing knee OA is radiography. However, the disease has often progressed well beyond the point of no return once radiographic cartilage changes become visible. Identifying changes in cartilage at an early stage of OA would allow curative or prophylactic treatment to

The Timor-Alor-Pantar language family has a special place in South-East Asian linguistics; its members make up the western extreme of the Papuan language sphere. Along with an exhaustive bibliography of works on the TAP languages, this paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the ongoing documentation of the TAP language family in terms of both linguistic description and (pre-)historical recons

The main question that guides this paper is how governments are focusing (and must focus) on competence building (education, training and skills) when designing and implementing innovation policies. After a brief literature review, this paper suggests a typology of internal/external and individual/organizational sources of competences that are related to innovation activities. This serves to exami

We describe a simple method to detect significant changes of the total ozone column from global (diffuse and direct) zenith sky measurements taken at the Earth’s surface. The calculation of the total ozone column relies on measured irradiance at two wavelengths in the ultra violet part of the solar spectrum. One of these (i.e. 306 nm) are appreciable absorbed by ozone whereas the other (i.e. 360 n

Stereo matching is an inherently difficult problem due to ambiguous and noisy texture. The non-convexity and non- differentiability makes local linear (or quadratic) approximations poor, thereby preventing the use of standard local descent methods. Therefore recent methods are predominantly based on discretization and/or random sampling of some class of approximating surfaces (e.g. planes). While

The problem of minimizing emissions of NO. and soot in a diesel engine using fuel injection timings and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve position in a low-pressure EGR system as control variables is addressed. Two feedback variables are computed from in-cylinder pressure sensor data, the crank angle degree of 50 % fuel burnt, and the ignition delay. Empirical maps of NO, and soot according to

OBJECTIVE-Proinsulin is a precursor of mature insulin and C-peptide. Higher circulating proinsulin levels are associated with impaired beta-cell function, raised glucose levels, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Studies of the insulin processing pathway could provide new insights about T2D pathophysiology. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-We have conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide as

Cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a major cause of severe neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants. To date, no therapy is available that prevents infants from developing serious neurological disability following IVH. Thus, to develop treatment strategies for IVH, it is essential to characterize the initial sequence of molecular events that leads to brain damage. In this study,

OBJECTIVE Over 30 loci have been associated with risk of type 2 diabetes at genome-wide statistical significance. Genetic risk scores (GRSs) developed from these loci predict diabetes in the general population. We tested if a GRS based on an updated list of 34 type 2 diabetes-associated loci predicted progression to diabetes or regression toward normal glucose regulation (NGR) in the Diabetes Prev

This article report findings from a new dataset that consists of productivity and employment variables from 89 Western European regions and 51 American states and districts from 1950 to 2000. Distribution dynamics is used to investigate convergence in labor productivity, Gross Value Added (GVA) per capita, and employment ratios. Main findings are that European labor productivity and GVA per capita

Conformations and structural transitions of polyelectrolytes strictly confined onto a spherical 2D surface have been investigated by scaling descriptions based on physical arguments concerning polyelectrolyte adsorption onto planar surface and liquid crystals as well as by Monte Carlo simulations using a bead-spring model with short-range and electrostatic repulsions. In case of the electrostatic

Immune system functioning and maintenance entails costs which may limit investment into other processes such as reproduction. Yet, the proximate mechanisms and 'currencies' mediating the costs of immune responses remain elusive. In vertebrates, up-regulation of the innate immune system is associated with rapid phagocytic production of pro-oxidant molecules (so-called 'oxidative burst' responses).