Aerodynamic performance and energetic savings for flight in ground effect are theoretically maximized during hovering, but have never been directly measured for flying animals. We evaluated flight kinematics, metabolic rates and induced flow velocities for Anna's hummingbirds hovering at heights (relative to wing length R 5.5 cm) of 0.7R, 0.9R, 1.1R, 1.7R, 2.2R and 8R above a solid surface. Flight

BACKGROUND: Risk models to predict prostate cancer on biopsy, whether they include only prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or other markers, are intended for use in all men of screening age. However, the association between PSA and cancer probably depends on a man's recent screening history. METHODS: The authors examined the effect of prior screening on the ability to predict the risk of prostate can

Palliative sedation is used as a form of treatment within palliative care in Sweden. Previous research shows that palliative sedation raises many ethical concerns for both physicians and nurses. The purpose of this study was to illuminate nurses' experiences of palliative sedation in specialist palliative care. Fourteen semistructured interviews were conducted and analyzed using Burnard's qualitat

Substrate selectivity is an important output function for the validation of different enzyme models, catalytic cavity compounds, and reaction mechanisms as demonstrated in this review. In contrast to stereo-, regio-, and chemoselective catalysis, the field of substrate-selective catalysis is under-researched and has to date generated only a few, but important, industrial applications. This review

Inresource-constrained systems, the interference generated by the concurrent execution of multiple controller tasks leads to extra delay and jitter, which degrade control performance and may even jeopardize the stability of the controlled system. This work presents a general methodology that integrates control issues and real-time schedulability analysis to improve the control performance in embed

The photochemical oxidation of oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) has been estimated to be a significant process with global photoproduction transforming petagrams of DOC to inorganic carbon annually. To further quantify the importance of these two photoproducts in coastal DOC cycling, 38 paired apparent quantum yield (AQY) spectra for CO and CO

Dronedarone is a strong P-glycoprotein inhibitor with a potential to increase bioavailability of dabigatran. We sought to measure and report plasma concentrations of dabigatran in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) on concomitant dronedarone treatment.

The traditional way of controlling an industrial robot is to program it to follow desired trajectories. This approach is sufficient as long as the accuracy of the robot and the calibration of the workcell is good enough. In robotic assembly these conditions are usually not fulfilled, because of uncertainties, e.g., variability in involved parts and objects not gripped accurately. Using force contr

Summary. Recombinant FVIIa is a haemostatic agent administered to patients with severe FVIII or FIX deficiency with inhibitors. Although rFVIIa is effective at stopping bleeding, a reliable assay to monitor its effect is lacking. To characterize the pharmacokinetics and global coagulation effects of rFVIIa for 6 h following a IV dose of 90 μg kg(-1) . Ten non-bleeding subjects with severe FVIII or

Gold-mineralized quartz veins at the Trenggalek district of the Southern Mountains Range in East Java, Indonesia, are hosted by Oligo-Miocene volcaniclastic and volcanic rocks, and are distributed close to andesitic plugs in the northern prospects (Dalangturu, Suruh, Jati, Gregah, Jombok, Salak, and Kojan) and the southern prospects (Sentul and Buluroto). The plugs are subalkaline tholeiitic basal

Dosimetry in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy using (177)Lu-Dotatate is based on patient imaging during the first week after administration, and determination of the activity retention as a function of time for different tissues. For calculation of the absorbed dose it is generally assumed that the long-term activity retention follows the pattern determined from the first week. This work aims

The random fluctuations of spins give rise to many interesting physical phenomena, such as the 'order-from-disorder' arising in frustrated magnets and unconventional Cooper pairing in magnetic superconductors. Here we show that the exchange of spin waves between extended topological defects, such as domain walls, can result in novel magnetic states. We report the discovery of an unusual incommensu

Nanofibrillar forms of proteins were initially recognized in the context of pathology, but more recently have been discovered in a range of functional roles in nature, including as active catalytic scaffolds and bacterial coatings. Here we show that protein nanofibrils can be used to form the basis of monodisperse microgels and gel shells composed of naturally occurring proteins. We explore the po

Newer parts of sex chromosomes, neo-sex chromosomes, offer unique possibilities for studying gene degeneration and sequence evolution in response to loss of recombination and population size decrease. We have recently described a neo-sex chromosome system in Sylvioidea passerines that has resulted from a fusion between the first half (10 Mb) of chromosome 4a and the ancestral sex chromosomes. In t

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are an important class of molecules that are commonly used for the synthesis of candidate drugs. Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase-α (PIP5Kα) is a lipid kinase, similar to PI3K. However, the role of PIP5K1α in oncogenic processes and the development of inhibitors that selectively target PIP5K1α have not been reported. In the present study we repor

Scatter hoarding birds are known for their accurate spatial memory. In a previous experiment, we tested the retrieval accuracy in marsh tits in a typical laboratory set-up for this species. We also tested the performance of humans in this experimental set-up. Somewhat unexpectedly, humans performed much better than marsh tits. In the first five attempts, humans relocated almost 90 % of the caches

Large eddy simulation is performed to investigate air entrainment and mixing in diesel sprays with and without combustion. The Spray A case of the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) is considered in the study, in which liquid n-Dodecane is injected at 1500 bar through a nozzle of 90 mu m into a constant volume vessel with an ambient density of 22.8 kg/m(3) and an ambient temperature of 900 K. Primary

Three recent studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the highly conserved central complex of the insect brain, showing how it provides an internal representation of body orientation, encodes behaviorally relevant sensory cues, and at the same time controls motor actions.