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A review concerning road tunnel fire safety and risk is presented. In particular different perspectives and methodson safety and risk are discussed. Road tunnel fire safety usually involves high uncertainty and high-stakes decisions.Thus, a wider group of stakeholders and different types of knowledge should be included in the fire safety analysisand evaluation, than what is required by technical r
Objectives: Functional gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, such as IBS (irritable bowel syndrome), have been suggested to be associated with autonomic neuropathy. We therefore examined associations between hemodynamic indices of autonomic control, functional GI symptoms and stress in a population-based cohort.Methods and materials: The study included 2094 participants of the Malmö Offspring Study (mea
Samhällsplaneringen har i någon månalltid varit intresserad av relationellaflöden. Det bilsamhälle som cementeradesunder efterkrigstidens rekordår var ihögsta grad en fråga om att styra rörelsermellan olika platser med industrins behovav arbetskraft som ledstjärna. Men, omvi ser närmare var det inte bara regionplanenstrafiksystem som var relationellt.Bostadsgården skulle skapa platser förolika anv
Mastering a new language (L2) implies the need to readjust the associations between different components (phonology, lexicon, grammar) in the native language (L1). L2 speakers have often been observed to apply prosodic patterns from their first language when processing a new language. Swedish speakers have been reported to produce a word melody that resembles accent 1 when speaking foreign languag
Investigates the accuracy of using fire Dynamics equations in tunnel fire Safety risk analysis
This article aims to contribute to discussions and reflections upon the practice and theory of fire safety design. Are we reaching the results we want by the best available means? The theoretical framework of fire safety design is today restricted by a linear design process where mainly quantitative data and methods matters. A deterministic approach to safety ignores the decision-making context an
Bacterial ice-nucleating particles (INP) have the ability to facilitate ice nucleation from super-cooled cloud droplets at temperatures just below the melting point. Bacterial INP have been detected in cloud water, precipitation, and dry air, hence they may have an impact on weather and climate. In modeling studies, the potential impact of bacteria on ice nucleation and precipitation formation on
Bacterial ice-nucleating particles (INP) are present in the atmosphere and efficient in heterogeneous ice-nucleation at temperatures up to -2 °C in mixed-phase clouds. However, due to their low emission rates, their climatic impact was considered insignificant in previous modeling studies. In view of uncertainties about the actual atmospheric emission rates and concentrations of bacterial INP, it
Some bacteria have the unique capacity of synthesising ice-nucleation-active (INA) proteins and exposing them at their outer membrane surface. As INA bacteria enter the atmosphere, they may impact the formation of clouds and precipitation. We studied members of airborne bacterial communities for their capacity to catalyse ice formation and we report on the excretion of INA proteins by airborne Pse
On the 20th anniversary of the euro, this column traces public support for the single currency and public trust in the ECB. The crisis years slightly dented support for the euro while trust in the ECB fell sharply. The recovery increased support for the euro, but while trust in the ECB has also risen, it remains below its pre-crisis levels. Unemployment is the key factor driving public support for
The euro as a common currency has recently been the subject of harsh criticism by economists from both sides of the Atlantic, including claims that citizens in some Eurozone countries are turning against it. This column argues that, in fact, the euro currently enjoys comfortable popular support in each of the 12 original member states of the Eurozone and that potential upcoming referenda in any of
