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Varje dag åtar sig personer att handla i en annan persons intresse. Den frihet uppdragstagarna åtnjuter under utövandet av sina uppdrag i kombination med avsaknaden av möjlighet till direkt kontroll för deras respektive uppdragsgivare har gjort att equity gripit in och ålagt uppdragstagarna en skyldighet att handla lojalt i uppdragsgivarens intresse. Denna skyldighet kallas fiduciary duty. De mest
BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing gl
Fashions come and go. Industrialized building (IB) is no exception, having its roots far in the past and appearing in just about every type of construction, including infrastructure, at one time or another. Industrialization, as a term applied to the production of goods, can be on a macro-scale as in the case of large assemblies and near-complete structures. But it also applies to myriad products
Democracy Archives - The Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Skip to content Search for: Search Button Home About Us Who We Are Our History About Raoul Wallenberg Our Theory of Change Staff Opportunities Annual Reports Whistleblower Our work What we do Multi-Disciplinary Research Higher Education Strategic Advice and Analysis Outreach Evaluation of Programme Work Method
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Gerard Quinn Archives - The Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Skip to content Search for: Search Button Home About Us Who We Are Our History About Raoul Wallenberg Our Theory of Change Staff Opportunities Annual Reports Whistleblower Our work What we do Multi-Disciplinary Research Higher Education Strategic Advice and Analysis Outreach Evaluation of Programme Work Met
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Climate change is a global and demanding issue, which affects all the states on the planet. The European Union has from the 90s been vigorously engaged in the international efforts to tackle climate change and even pursued to take on the leading role in the global climate regime. The two most anticipated UN conferences for combating climate change at the global level were the COP15 in 2009 and COP
Den internationella havsrättsdomstolen (ITLOS), inrättad under FN:s havs-rättskonvention (UNCLOS), utgör en avgörande tvistlösningsmekanism vid lösandet av havsrättsliga tvister. I takt med att världens hav blir viktigare för handel, resurser och miljömässig stabilitet, erbjuder ITLOS en specialiserad rättslig ram för att lösa tvister. Uppsatsen undersöker hur effektivt ITLOS kan verkställa sina The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), established under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), plays a vital role in resolving disputes about maritime law. As the world’s oceans become more important for trade, resources and environmental stability, ITLOS provides a specialized legal framework to address conflicts. This thesis examines how effective ITLO
Sektion 52 i Copyright Designs and Patents Act innebär att det upphovsrättsliga skyddet i Storbritannien, vilket garanterar upphovsmannen ett skydd för 70 år efter hans död, minskar till 25 år efter att verket satts på marknaden om det upphovsskyddade verket har massproducerats. Storbritanniens lagstiftning skiljer sig från regleringen i övriga Europa eftersom resterande länder inte har samma undaThe foundational copyright protection in the United Kingdom provides the creator with a protection of 70 years after the death of the creator. Section 52 of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act reduces the copyright protec-tion, if the piece has been mass produced industrially, to a protection of 25 years after the product has been put on the market. The British government has during 2013 decided
Denna uppsats utreder allvarlighetskriteriet för situationer och åtal i internationella brottmålsdomstolen. Domstolen kom till för att förhindra straffrihet för de grövsta internationella brotten. Efter att domstolen började verka har flera situationer i världen uppmärksammats av domstolen. Åklagarkammaren väljer ut situationer och enskilda mål mot bakgrund av allvarlighetskriteriet. Flera exempeThis study examines the interpretation of the gravity criterion for situations and cases before the International Criminal Court (ICC or the Court). The Court was established to prevent impunity for the most serious crimes of international concern. Since the Court became operative it has dealt with several situations of mass atrocity. The OTP selects situations and cases according to their gravity
The production of eggs, meat, and dairy products in the EU indirectly contributes to deforestation and ecosystem conversion (DEC) in Latin America due to extensive imports of soy for animal feed. This thesis explores under which preconditions the mandatory European Sustainability Reporting Standards for the agriculture and farming sector can increase transparency in the opaque soy supply chains an
Enzymes are often considered a green approach next to conventional fossil-based chemicals helping us on the margin towards a low-impact society. While enzyme catalysed reactions are low environmental impact technologies, their production is not. In this study, a comparative life cycle assessment of different recombinant enzyme manufacturing strategies quantifies and evaluates the contribution of d
As information technology develops in the past decade, the digital society has affected every aspect of the social structure. The legal system faces the challenge in implementing the legal norms, yet the evolved architecture of technology in the digital society makes it difficult for the law to perform its function. One of the fields of challenge is legal protection of personal data. Legislat
Huvudregeln gällande en stats brukande av våld framgår av artikel 2(4) i Förenta nationernas stadga. Av artikeln så framgår ett förbud för såväl hot som bruk av våld. Då det görs i syfte att inskränka en annan stats politiska oberoende eller territoriella integritet. Till detta så förbjuds även sådana hot eller bruk av våld som kan anses vara oförenligt med Förenta nationernas värdegrund. Av artikArticle 2(4) of the Charter of the United Nations presents the general rule regarding states use of force in international relations. The article states that all members are obliged to refrain from threat or use of force against another member states political independence or territorial integrity. Additionally, actions of threats or use of force that are in violation of the purposes of the United
Determining the appropriate duration for traffic conflict observation remains a critical yet unresolved challenge in road safety analysis. Existing approaches lack a quantitative approach to determine adequate sample sizes for general conflict-based applications. This study addresses this gap by proposing an extreme value theory based framework to determine appropriate observation durations, based
