Real-world financial contracts are sometimes so complex that it can be difficult to understand their exact payoff consequences. We develop and test a theoretical model of a venture capitalist (VC) negotiating with an entrepreneur who may overweigh or underweigh the payoff consequences of contractual downside protection (DP). A lawyer with expertise in venture capital can inform the entrepreneur ab

Previous studies indicate that calcium and its regulating hormones, i.e. parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D, might affect breast cancer risk. Evidence also suggests that this relationship could be influenced by menopausal status and BMI. We examined breast cancer risk related to pre-diagnostic serum levels of vitamin D (25OHD(2) and 25OHD(3)), PTH and calcium using a nested case-control desig

The Ising model on a class of infinite random trees is defined as a thermodynamic limit of finite systems. A detailed description of the corresponding distribution of infinite spin configurations is given. As an application, we study the magnetization properties of such systems and prove that they exhibit no spontaneous magnetization. Furthermore, the values of the Hausdorff and spectral dimension

Histamine plays highlighted roles in the development of many common, emergent and rare diseases. In mammals, histamine is formed by decarboxylation of l-histidine, which is catalyzed by pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent histidine decarboxylase (HDC, EC 4.1.1.22). The limited availability and stability of the protein have delayed the characterization of its structure-function relationships. Ou

The gamma Y moth selects to migrate in stronger winds compared to songbirds, enabling fast transport to distant breeding sites, but a lower precision in orientation as the moth allows itself to be drifted by the winds. Photo: Ian Woiwod. In Focus: Chapman, J.R., Nilsson, C., Lim, K.S., Bäckman, J., Reynolds, D.R. & Alerstam, T. (2015) Adaptive strategies in nocturnally migrating insects and so

Plastic responses to temperature during embryonic development are common in ectotherms, but their evolutionary relevance is poorly understood. Using a combination of field and laboratory approaches, we demonstrate altitudinal divergence in the strength of effects of maternal thermal opportunity on offspring birth date and body mass in a live-bearing lizard (Niveoscincus ocellatus). Poor thermal op

Hydrogen is recognized as a potential, extremely interesting energy carrier system, which can facilitate efficient utilization of unevenly distributed renewable energy. A major challenge in a future "hydrogen economy" is the development of a safe, compact, robust, and efficient means of hydrogen storage, in particular, for mobile applications. Here we report on a new concept for hydrogen storage u

In the present study, lipid membrane interactions of anionic poly(ethyl acrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (MAA) microgels as carriers for the cationic antimicrobial peptide LL-37 (LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES) were investigated. In doing so, neutron reflectometry (NR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR), zeta potential, ellipsometry, and circul

Pancreatic β-cells located within the islets of Langerhans play a central role in metabolic control. The main function of these cells is to produce and secrete insulin in response to a rise in circulating levels of glucose and other nutrients. The release of insufficient insulin to cover the organism needs results in chronic hyperglycemia and diabetes development. β-cells insure a highly specializ

We present a numerical model for the recently introduced simple and inexpensive micromachined aluminum devices with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cover for microparticle acoustophoresis. We validate the model experimentally for a basic design, where a microchannel is milled into the surface of an aluminum substrate, sealed with a PDMS cover, and driven at MHz frequencies by a piezoelectric lead-zi

Judges should not be influenced by legally irrelevant circumstances in their legal decision making and judges generally believe that they manage legally irrelevant circumstances well. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate whether this self-image is correct. Swedish judges (N = 256) read a vignette depicting a case of libel, where a female student had claimed on her blog that sh

Central to the development of diabetic macro- and microvascular disease is endothelial dysfunction, which appears well before any clinical sign but, importantly, is potentially reversible. We previously demonstrated that hyperglycemia activates nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) in conduit and medium-sized resistance arteries and that NFAT blockade abolishes diabetes-driven aggravation of

Analysis of an airborne geophysical data covering the Tasiast-Tijirit Terrane in the western part of the Reguibat Shield (including the 1:200,000 geological sheets of Chami, Ahmeyim and Atar), provided an improved mapping of mafic dyke swarms, structural features, and hydrothermal alteration zones. It also extended the mapping into extensive areas covered by sand. A low-altitude (100 m) airborne s

Objectives: 68Ga-DOTATOC PET targets somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and is well established for the detection of SSTR-expressing tumors, such as gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Pituitary adenomas, recently designated as pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), also express SSTRs, but there has been no previous evaluations of 68Ga-DOTATOC PET in PitNET patients. The aim of this pilot stud

The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) in the treatment of certain types of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) has been the topic of much debate and disagreement over the last several decades. In this review, the evidence for its use is presented and discussed by two experts in DFU management. Whereas some randomized controlled trials suggest that HBO may speed the healing of certain ischaemic or neur

PURPOSE: To describe a specific cone-rod dystrophy phenotype in a family with the homozygous c.1429G>A; p.Gly477Arg mutation in CRB1. The detailed phenotype of subjects with this specific mutation has not been described previously. METHODS: Clinical examination included full-field electroretinography and high-resolution and widefield retinal imaging and uveitis workup. Molecular genetic analysis i

The past several decades have illustrated an enormous interest in noble metal nanoparticles for their superior catalytic activity, however, their industrial use is very restricted due to inefficient recovery leading to potential contamination of products and the environment. Immobilised nanoparticles illustrate promising results for scaling up processes, and can be successfully applied for various

A search for heavy resonances decaying into a W or Z boson and a Higgs boson produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at s=13 TeV is presented. The analysis utilizes the dominant W→qq¯′ or Z→qq¯ and H→bb¯ decays with substructure techniques applied to large-radius jets. A sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb-1 collected with the ATLAS detector is anal

Review of H. Schilling, Karl V. Der Kaiser dem die Welt zerbrach