A nucleophilic substitution reaction between 4-tert-butylbenzyl bromide and potassium iodide has been performed in oil-in-water microemulsions based on various C12Em surfactants, i.e., dodecyl ethoxylate with m number of oxyethylene units. The reaction kinetics was compared with the kinetics of reactions performed in other self-assembly structures based on very similar surfactants and in homogeneo

The most abundant helix type in proteins is the alpha-helix, accounting for about 31% of amino acid secondary structure states, while the 3(10)-helix accounts for about 4%. The pi-helix appears to be extremely rare and is considered to be unstable. Existing secondary structure definition methods find very few within the Protein Data Bank. Using an improved pi-helix definition algorithm to search a

Forests cover about 56% of the land area in Sweden and forest damage due to strong winds has been a recurring problem. In this paper we analyse recorded storm damage in Swedish forests for the years 1965-2007. During the period 48 individual storm events with a total damage of 164 Mm(3) have been reported with the severe storm on 8 to 9 January 2005, as the worst with 70 Mm(3) damaged forest. For

This study investigates for the first time the tardigrade fauna in a variety of different mosses from a coniferous forest and an adjacent clear-cut area in southern Sweden. Tardigrades were found in a majority of the samples. Sixteen species were recorded, of which the cosmopolitan species Macrobiotus hufelandi was the far most common. Some mosses, particularly species with "wefts" growth form, co

Sometimes the goal of a psychosocial occupational therapy intervention is not obvious for someone observing the process, and this may lead to misunderstandings as to the targeted outcomes for various occupational therapy methods. Summarizing features found in psychosocial occupational therapy practice, in textbooks, and in occupational therapy models, this paper proposes a simple structure for cha

A model is presented that gives a quantitative picture of the distribution of the photosynthetic components in the photosynthetic membrane of higher plants. A salient feature of the model is that most of the pigments are located in the grana where photosystem I and II carry out linear electron transport, whereas the stroma lamellae, which harbour

Heat transfer has been evaluated experimentally on the tube side of three different minichannel tubes, so-called multiport extruded (MPE) tubes, with different cross-section geometry. The objective was to find out which correlations, models, and relations should be used when predicting the performance of complete heat exchangers consisting of such tubes. The geometry of the tube channels or ducts

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common tumour types with approximately one third of the tumours located within the rectum. Rectal cancer differs somewhat from colon cancer, e.g. regarding the method of operation and the use of preoperative radiotherapy due to a tendency for local tumour recurrence. Proteolytic enzymes have been identified as key molecules in tumour invasion and metastasis, an

Global error bounds are derived for Runge-Kutta time discretizations of fully nonlinear evolution equations governed by m-dissipative vector fields on Hilbert spaces. In contrast to earlier studies, the analysis presented here is not based on linearization procedures, but on the fully nonlinear framework of logarithmic Lipschitz constants in order to extend the classical B-convergence theory to in

Former male young athletes partially lost benefits in BMD (g/cm(2)) with cessation of exercise, but, despite this, had a higher BMD 4 years after cessation of career than a control group. A higher BMD might contribute to the lower incidence of fragility fractures found in former older athletes greater than or equal to60 years of age compared with a control group.

The purpose of this study was to test napsin A as a diagnostic marker of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma in pleural effusions, and to compare its performance with TTF-1. Napsin A and TTF-1 reactivities were determined immunohistochemically on.formalin-fixed paraffin embedded cell blocks from 50 pleural effusion (5 mesotheliomas, 10 mesothelial proliferations, 12 pulmonary, and 23 nonpulmonary metas

The effects of social capital, income inequality, and absolute per capita income were investigated in an ecological analysis of 23 rich and poor countries. Trust was chosen as an indicator of social capital, and GNP (gross national product) per capita and Gini index measured absolute and relative income, respectively. These independent variables were analyzed in a linear regression model with the

A simple selective supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method was developed for the determination of desorption behaviour of PCBs in sediments. This method was applied to determine the distribution of individual PCB congeners among sites of differing bonding strengths in two Swedish sediments (Lake Järnsjön and Baltic bay Orserumsviken). Four different PCB fractions were distinguished in each sed

This study was conducted to assess the nitrogen removal potential of a minerotrophic peatland in Northern Germany, where hydrological conditions were partly restored in the beginning of the 1990s. Actual denitrification and the effect of nitrate (NO3-) and glucose additions on denitrification rates were determined in two flooded and one drained histosols in spring and summer 1998. In the flooded s