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Applications of microchannel heat sinks for dissipating heat loads have received great attention. Wavy channels are recognized to be an alternative cooling technology to enhance the heat transfer, and are successfully applied in heat exchangers. In this article, three kinds of liquid-cooling double-layer microchannel heat sinks, such as a rectangular straight microchannel heat sink, a parallel-flo

The essay is a description of the first years of the Stockholm film workshop, Filmverkstan, founded in 1973. The activities of the workshop are put into the framework of the new cultural policies of Sweden and the question of cultural democracy, as well as alternative ways of producing and distributing film. The output of the early years is set into generic and film historical contexts, connected

Popular Abstract in Swedish Immunförsvaret har till uppgift att skydda kroppen mot främmande mikroorganismer såsom bakterier och virus. En rad olika celler, vävnader samt organ samarbetar för att utforma ett väl fungerande immunförsvar. Det är ytterst viktigt att immunförsvaret känner igen kroppsfrämmande ämnen (antigen), som till exempel bakterieceller, men också att det skiljer dessa från kroppsGeneration of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells of high affinity takes place in germinal centers and depends on help from a specialized CD4+ T cell subset termed T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. These processes are crucial for long-term protection upon natural infection or in settings of vaccination, however they are also responsible for development of antibody-mediated autoimmune disease

We utilized femtosecond time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and ab initio theory to study the transient electronic structure and the photoinduced molecular dynamics of a model metal carbonyl photocatalyst Fe(CO)5 in ethanol solution. We propose mechanistic explanation for the parallel ultrafast intra-molecular spin crossover and ligation of the Fe(CO)4 which are observed following a

A search for pair-produced massive coloured scalar particles decaying to a four-jet final state is performed by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV. The analysed data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb(-1). No deviation from the Standard Model is observed in the invariant mass spectrum of the two-jet pairs. A limit on the scalar gluon

Background: This study has investigated the specific relationship between childhood adversities, individual trauma symptoms and the functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The aim was to examine whether different self-reported adverse experiences and trauma symptoms predict the need to engage in NSSI, either to regulate emotions or to communicate with and influence others. Method: The partic

Magnesium, the second and fourth most abundant cation in the intracellular compartment and whole body, respectively, is of great physiologic importance. Magnesium exists as bound and free ionized forms depending on temperature, pH, ionic strength, and competing ions. Free magnesium participates in many biochemical processes and is most commonly measured by ion-selective electrode. This analytical

A likelihood-based discriminant for the identification of quark- and gluon-initiated jets is built and validated using 4.7 fb of proton-proton collision data at collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Data samples with enriched quark or gluon content are used in the construction and validation of templates of jet properties that are the input to the likelihood-based discriminant. The discrim

South Africa is a complex and dynamic society, with overwhelming and increasing problems with disaster risk in the vulnerable urban communities in and around its rapidly growing metropolitan centres. The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of the challenges for disaster risk reduction in such communities. It focuses on the case of Imizamo Yethu, in the Western Cape, in order to b

The Brain-Expressed X-linked (BEX) family proteins are comprised of five human proteins including BEX1, BEX2, BEX3, BEX4 and BEX5. BEX family proteins are expressed in a wide range of tissues and are known to play a role in neuronal development. Recent studies suggest a role of BEX family proteins in cancers. BEX1 expression is lost in a subgroup of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and c

Long-term mallard capture-recapture data from Sweden and Finland were analyzed to describe temporal mortality patterns and reasons. We used program MARK and Seber models to estimate annual survival (S) and recovery (r) rates. Survival rates were used in a Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the correspondence between observed and predicted annual population sizes of a Finnish sub-population. About

The growth of epitaxial graphene on SiC has been identified as one of the most promising techniques to produce graphene for electronic applications. In this paper, we present a systematic study of the electronic and structural properties of large-area quasifree standing epitaxial monolayer graphene grown on top of the SiC(0001) surface. For this purpose, we combine the thermal treatment of SiC in

Purpose: We determined if the deliberate establishment of asymptomatic bacteriuria with Escherichia coli 83972 in patients with incomplete bladder emptying and recurrent urinary tract infection protects against recurrence. Materials and Methods: In phase 1 of the study the patients were randomized to blinded inoculations with E. coli 83972 or saline. Crossover occurred after monitoring for 12 mont

Hairdressing work is classified as carcinogenic based on excess risk for bladder cancer. We aimed at evaluating if current hairdressers are exposed to established/suspected bladder carcinogens (aromatic amines) and indicate possible sources of exposure.

The satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which is used for estimating gross primary production (GPP), often includes contributions from both mosses and vascular plants in boreal ecosystems. For the same NDVI, moss can generate only about one-third of the GPP that vascular plants can because of its much lower photosynthetic capacity. Here, based on eddy covariance measur

Tyler, G. 2010: Variability in colour, metallic lustre, and body size of Carabus arvensis Herbst, 1784 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in relation to habitat properties.-Entomol. Fennica 21: 90-96. Objectives are to elucidate whether populations of Carabus arvensis Herbst, 1784 from contrasting habitats differ in (i) colour, (ii) brightness of metal lustre, or (iii) body size (length of elytra, of elytra

Popular Abstract in Swedish HIV består av två besläktade virusvarianter, HIV-1 och HIV-2. Båda kan orsaka uttalad immunbrist (AIDS) hos drabbade individer, men detta sker långsammare vid HIV-2. HIV-1 är viruset som orsakat den globala HIV epidemin medan HIV-2 främst hittas i Västafrika. HIV infekterar kroppens immunceller genom att binda till vissa äggviteämnen på cellytan. Efter inbindning till CHIV-1 infection of CD4+ immune cells requires the assistance of cellular coreceptors. The regulation of these receptors is highly dynamic. In addition to the major coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, several alternative coreceptors mediate entry for selected HIV isolates in vitro, although their role in vivo is yet to be established. Compartmentalized HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system (CNS) m

Interference among predators decreases per capita foraging rates and has implications for both community dynamics and top-down trophic processes. Interference originates from behavioural interactions among foragers, and these behaviours could be affected by environmental conditions. In experiments on pike foraging alone or among conspecifics in different levels of water turbidity, we expected high

Heparan sulfate (HS), a substance common in the extracellular matrix on epithelial cells is present in the pancreas, lining the duct lumen. During pathological conditions, we propose that it can be shed from the ECM and bind to receptors on the cell surface, thus triggering an inflammatory response, which if excessive can cause acute pancreatitis (AP). Infusion of HS in the pancreatic duct in rats