We review the problem posed by the calculation of the optical constants of solids and the adaptation of the equation-of-motion method for this purpose. In the past crystalline materials were studied by employing Bloch's theorem, but for amorphous materials and surfaces symmetry cannot generally be used to reduce the computation to manageable proportions. The equation-of-motion method avoids the ne

Adaptability of facades is often conceived as a performative objective, and less as a formal objective. Hence, so-called ‘adaptive’ façade systems are highly engineered solutions that autonomously control the energy flow via highly-efficient materials, integrated technical devices and intelligent automation systems. As the design complexity and operation challenges of such façade systems are subst

Although a diverse range of aquatic vertebrates are documented from the Upper Cretaceous (mid-Campanian) marine strata of the Kristianstad Basin in southern Sweden, only chondrichthyans and marine amniotes have been described in detail to date. In contrast, coeval actinopterygians are virtually unreported, yet their remains are extremely abundant at most sampled localities. A comprehensive assessm

Mesozoic dinosaur fossils are exceptionally rare in Scandinavia. The Swedish record is typically depauperate, with the Kristianstad Basin of SkÅne (Scania) yielding all of the known fossils from Swedish Cretaceous strata. Although highly fragmentary, these body remnants are important because they provide evidence of a relatively diverse fauna, including previously recognized hesperornithiform bird

PURPOSE: To characterize the ocular phenotype resulting from mutation of Rab38, a candidate gene for Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.METHODS: Chocolate mice (cht, Rab38(cht/cht)) and control heterozygous (Rab38(cht/)(+)) and wild-type mice were examined clinically, histologically, ultrastructurally, and electrophysiologically. Mice homozygous for both the Rab38(cht) and the Tyrp1(b) alleles were similar

The new species Eilifdahlia schwarzii F. Schumm & S. Y. Kondr. is described. It differs from the more common southern Australian E. dahlii (Elix, S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S. Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell, J. Kim, A. S. Kondr. & J.-S. Hur in having a poorly developed whitish thallus, bright yellow to bright yellow-orange apothecia, with a persistent glossy margin, a proper excip

In spark assisted homogeneous charge compression ignition (SACI) engines a premixed flame is first established; the propagating flame results in compression heating of the end gas and finally auto-ignition of the gas. Two dimensional direct numerical simulation (2D DNS) and one dimensional (1D) detailed simulations of flame/spontaneous ignition interaction in a lean hydrogen/air mixture under a co

Sweden experienced a remarkable economic transformation between the 18th century and the outbreak of World War I. This dissertation consists of four self-contained papers that uses a quantitative empirical approach to identify key drivers of this transformation by analyzing the contribution of the potato to economic growth, the determinants of the early investments in mass schooling, and how the r

Using a mixed input-output framework, this study examined potential changes in sector output and water requirements at national level in Macedonia arising from climate change. By defining three climate change scenarios and exogenously specifying the warming shocks for five key agricultural sub-sectors, the direct and indirect effects on the economy in terms of output and water demand were quantifi

The crystalline and magnetic structures of all known polymorphs of Mn have been investigated using generalized spin-density functional theory based on an unconstrained vector-field description of the magnetization density. We find that at atomic volumes smaller than 12 Å3, the magnetic ground state of α-Mn is collinear with magnetic moments ranging between 0 and 3 µB depending on the local symmetr

A maximum likelihood methodology for a general class of models is presented, using an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach. The typical target of ABC methods are models with intractable likelihoods, and we combine an ABC-MCMC sampler with so-called "data cloning" for maximum likelihood estimation. Accuracy of ABC methods relies on the use of a small threshold value for comparing simulat

Several authors have reported problems on service courses in basic probability and statistics: students may lack motivation, find the theory difficult or boring, others see no applications for the results. To remedy these problems we have developed a learning environment where two important components are applied problems and use of technology. However, the mere existence of applied problems and t

In acetate-limited chemostat cultures of Acinetobacter johnsonii 210A at a dilution rate of 0.1 h−1 the polyphosphate content of the cells increased from 13% to 24% of the biomass dry weight by glucose (100 mM), which was only oxidized to gluconic acid. At this dilution rate, only about 17% of the energy from glucose oxidation was calculated to be used for polyphosphate synthesis, the remaining 83

The public conference lecture is about how biomimetics contributed to the built environment if imagining a scenario of "It's now 2050". The lecture gives ideas and inspiration on how the understanding of biological processes and the abilities for transfer allows society to develop intelligent, interactive buildings that are truly sustainable. These buildings shall respond to local needs and condit

Most of the genes encoding the enzymes involved in polyP synthesis and degradation and in phosphate transport have been studied in various Gram-negative bacteria. Progress has also been made in studying the biochemicalmechanisms underlying the process of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), in particular in lab-scale systems fed with acetate or acetate plus glucose as the sole carbon and

The paper gives a general discussion on methods and theories used for strength analyses of wood and wood-based products. The main aim is to discuss in general terms the benefits gained from using design approaches based on rational and scientifically sound theories. The paper presents mainly fracture mechanics theory but also other advanced modelling techniques and examples from using advanced mea

To search for an S = -1 di-baryonic state which decays toΛp, the 3He(K-,Λp)nmissing reaction was studied at 1.0 GeV/c. Unobserved neutrons were kinematically identified from the missing mass MX of the 3He (K-,Λp) X reaction in order to have a large acceptance for the Λpn final state. The observed Λpn events, distributed widely over the kinematically allowed region of the Dalitz plot, establish tha

This paper introduces means for fatigue damage rates estimation using Laplace distributed multiaxial loads. The model is suitable for description of stresses containing transients of random amplitudes and locations. Explicit formulas for computing the expected value of rainflow damage index as a function of excess kurtosis are given for correlated loads. A Laplace model is used to describe variabi