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Background: Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has important non-specific immune effects. In a randomized trial in Guinea-Bissau, BCG revaccination was associated with significantly increased survival in children who received diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)-booster vaccine before enrolment and in children who did not receive micronutrient supplementation (MN). Within the trial we assesse
Do children and young adults born after assisted reproductive technology (ART) have an increased risk of cancer?
An argument that makes use of a generalization activates the prototype for the category used in the generalization. We conducted two experiments that investigated how the activation of the prototype affects the persuasiveness of the argument. The results of the experiments suggest that the features of the prototype overshadow and partly overwrite the actual facts of the case. The case is, to some
We consider the problem of stable determination of a harmonic function from knowledge of the solution and its normal derivative on a part of the boundary of the (bounded) solution domain. The alternating method is a procedure to generate an approximation to the harmonic function from such Cauchy data and we investigate a numerical implementation of this procedure based on Fredholm integral equatio
The mechanisms responsible for the transient retardation or acceleration of fatigue crack growth subsequent to overloading are a matter of intense debate. Plasticity-induced closure and residual stresses have often been invoked to explain these phenomena, but closure mechanisms are disputed, especially under conditions approximating to generalised plane strain. In this paper we exploit synchrotron
The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term effect of the two health-promoting and disease-preventive interventions, preventive home visits and senior meetings, with respect to morbidity, symptoms, self-rated health and satisfaction with health. The study was a three-armed randomized, single-blind, and controlled trial, with follow-ups at one and two years after interventions. A total of 45
In patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD), the absence of von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen leads to the premature loss of endogenous circulating secreted factor VIII (FVIII), thereby resulting in the dual defect in haemostasis. Consequently, correcting the VWF deficiency also acts to correct the associated defect in FVIII activity because exogenous VWF forms complexes with and protects endo
Cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in case-control studies, but there are limited data from prospective studies assessing whether virus exposure predicts risk of future cancer development. Two major biobanks, the Southern Sweden Microbiology Biobank (1971-2003) and the Janus Biobank (1973-2003) in Norway, containing samples from 850,000
Cloud microphysics is substantially affected by aerosol loading and the resulting changes in the reflective properties of the clouds can significantly affect the global radiation budget. A study of how marine low-level clouds over Barents Sea and the northern parts of the Norwegian Sea are affected by air mass origin has been performed by combining ground-based aerosol measurements with satellite
Accurate modelling of the carbon cycle strongly depends on the parametrization of its underlying processes. The Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System (CCDAS) can be used as an estimator algorithm to derive posterior parameter values and uncertainties for the Biosphere Energy Transfer and Hydrology scheme (BETHY). However, the simultaneous optimization of all process parameters can be challenging,
This study is based on qualitative interviews with 20 adult international adoptees of colour and eight adoptive parents with internationally adopted children in Sweden regarding their experiences of racialization, ethnic identifications and coping strategies. The findings suggest that the non-white bodies of the adoptees are constantly made significant in their everyday lives in interactions with
The metal atom 2p core excitations in 3d-metal phthalocyanines (MPc's, M = Ni, Co, Fe) have been studied via a combination of near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and resonant photoemission (ResPE) spectroscopy. On the basis of comparison of the corresponding spectra of NiPc, CoPc and FePc it has been shown that the presence of a partly filled molecular orbital (MO) dramatically affe
Low birthweight (LBW) individuals and offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exhibit increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated cardiometabolic traits in adulthood, which for both groups may be mediated by adverse events and developmental changes in fetal life. T2D is a multifactorial disease occurring as a result of complicated interplay between genetic
The interpretation of postmortem heart weight is often difficult, and references for normal heart weight are important. However, to assess the cause of death at a medicolegal autopsy it is also important to have references based on an unselected population of medicolegal autopsy cases with non-natural causes of death (not due directly to disease). We aimed at studying and deriving references for a
Xylose is one of the few monosaccharidic building blocks that are used by mammalian cells. In comparison with other monosaccharides, xylose is rather unusual and, so far, only found in two different mammalian structures, i.e. in the Notch receptor and as the linker between protein and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains in proteoglycans. Interestingly, simple soluble xylopyranosides can not only initia
Boronate affinity gel was prepared by immobilizing azide-functionalized boronic acid on alkyne-modified Sepharose. Different azide-functionalized boronic acids were synthesized from 2-, 3-, and 4-aminophenylboronic acids. One of the azide-functionalized boronic acids, 3BII, displayed weak and unexpected fluorescence emission. Using Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) rea
Two-photon laser-induced fluorescence for detection of carbon monoxide (CO) frequently shows interferences by emission from photolytically produced C-2 radicals encountered under fuel-rich combustion conditions. Reduced C-2 interference for excitation with laser pulses in the picosecond regime is here demonstrated by comparison with excitation using nanosecond pulses for measurements in laminar pr
