We present a generalized theory and experimental results of the action signals induced by the absorption of two photons from two phase-modulated laser beams. In our experiment, the phases of the laser beams are modulated at the frequencies φ1 and φ2, respectively. Their collinear combination leads to the modulation of the total intensity at the frequency φ=φ2-φ1. The action signals, such as photol

Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study microscopic the interfacial ionic structures, molecular arrangements, and orientational preferences of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium-bis(mandelato)borate ([P6,6,6,14][BMB]) ionic liquid confined between neutral and charged gold electrodes. It was found that both [P6,6,6,14] cations and [BMB] anions are coabsorbed onto neutral el

We extend a thermodynamically consistent finite strain micro-sphere framework elaborated by Carol et al. towards the modelling of phase-transformations to allow for the simulation of polycrystalline solids such as, e.g., shape memory alloys and shape memory polymers undergoing large deformations. The considered phase-transformation mechanism is based on statistical physics and allows the considera

Previous studies have demonstrated an effect of corticotropin-releasing factor 2 receptor (CRF2R) agonists in the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a CRF2R agonist in preserving skeletal muscle in a mouse cachexia model. Implantation of a fast-growing tumor to mice (Lewis lung carcinoma) resulted in a clear cachectic state characterized by a

The inflammatory milieu plays an important role in colon cancer development and progression. Previously, we have shown that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), an important component of the tumor microenvironment, are enriched in tumors compared with normal tissue and confer a poorer prognosis. In the present study, we found that matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), which degrades extracellular mat

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which make up 8% of the human genome, have been proposed to participate in the control of gene regulatory networks. In this study, we find a region- and developmental stage-specific expression pattern of ERVs in the developing human brain, which is linked to a transcriptional network based on ERVs. We demonstrate that almost 10,000, primarily primate-specific, ERVs

Global vegetation models and terrestrial carbon cycle models are widely used for projecting the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Ensembles of such models show a large spread in carbon balance predictions, ranging from a large uptake to a release of carbon by the terrestrial biosphere, constituting a large uncertainty in the associated feedback to atmospheric CO 2 concentrations under glob

Experiments employing extreme ultraviolet sources based on high harmonic generation often suffer from photon flux limitations. We discuss current status and prospects for scaling such sources to higher repetition rate, pulse energy and average power.

Brand-management philosophy has recently expanded to include public and spatial contexts producing a cacophony of logos, slogans and events all aimed at promoting and marketing places. Yet, there is still a lack of understanding about how the brand-management philosophy changes when moving into and across places and in which way places change when affected by this way of thinking. Through a multi-

Only in Sweden, single-family houses account for approximately 30% of energy use in all buildings and a large part uses only electricity for heating. The potential for improvements on energy efficiency in these houses is large. This study theoretically investigates retrofitting of electrically heated Swedish single-family houses by using an air-source heat pump for both space heating and domestic

A partial exoccipital-opisthotic from the uppermost lower Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Åsen locality, Kristianstad Basin, southernmost Sweden, is described and illustrated. The fossil represents the first braincase element of a plesiosaur found in Sweden. It includes the chamber for the ampulla and utriculus, openings for the caudal vertical and horizontal semicircular canals, and four fora

Developing light-harvesting and photocatalytic molecules made with iron could provide a cost effective, scalable, and environmentally benign path for solar energy conversion. To date these developments have been limited by the sub-picosecond metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) electronic excited state lifetime of iron based complexes due to spin crossover-the extremely fast intersystem crossing

During the last decade Trump International Golf Links Scotland (TIGLS) has built on land where no development was previously outlined and, appropriating parts of a Site of Special Scientific Interest, has come to occupy an important place in debates on Scottish planning policy. Though plans were initially rejected in 2007 by the Aberdeenshire planning body responsible, the Scottish Government subs

This article presents the results of research examining an innovative initiative designed to build capacity for international, collaborative scholarship of teaching and learning: the development of international collaborative writing groups (ICWG). The study focusses particularly on the role of leadership within the groups as a significant factor in the effectiveness of the initiative. Results fro