Some dinoflagellates produce toxic secondary metabolites that correlate with increased resistance to grazers. The allocation costs of toxin production have been repeatedly addressed, but with conflicting results. Few studies have considered the potential costs of this defense to the photosystem, even though defense toxins (e.g., karlotoxins and brevetoxins) are closely linked to the photoprotectiv

Distributed optimal control is known to be challenging and can become intractable even for linear-quadratic regulator problems. In this work, we study a special class of such problems where distributed state feedback controllers can give near-optimal performance. More specifically, we consider networked linear-quadratic controllers with decoupled costs and spatially exponentially decaying dynamics

In recent years, hydrogels have been demonstrated as simple and cheap additives to improve the optical properties and material stability of organometal halide perovskites (OHPs), with most research centered on the use of hydrophilic, petrochemical-derived polymers. Here, we investigate the role of a peptide hydrogel in passivating defect sites and improving the stability of methylammonium lead iod

In the present work, we have studied the interaction of water with spinel cobalt oxide (Co3O4), an effect which has been considered a major cause of its catalytic deactivation. Employing a Co3O4(111) model thin film grown on Ir(100) in (ultra)high vacuum, and ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), hydroxylation in 0.5 mbar H2O vapor at room temperature was monitored in real tim

Background: The aim of this study was to assess whether hypothermia increased survival and improved functional outcome when compared with normothermia in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with similar characteristics than in previous randomized studies showing benefits for hypothermia. Methods: Post hoc analysis of a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized clinical trial (TTM-2, NCT0290830

The study of combustion characteristics and heat feedback mechanisms of liquid fuels is important for fire safety engineering, particularly in the context of energy utilization. In thiswork, the effect of lip height on the evolution of n-heptane pool fire burning rates and flame heights, as well as the thermal feedback control mechanism, were investigated in a series of experiments in the presence

Surface soil moisture (SM) is a crucial variable representing the water content in soil at the topmost soil layer. Accurate data of SM are essential for various purposes, including the monitoring of drought, vegetation modeling, weather forecasting, and agriculture management. Over the past decades, microwave remote sensing has been employed to estimate SM at large scales, with the Sentinel-1 sate

Introduction: Diet stands as a pivotal modifiable risk factor influencing weight gain and the onset of type-2 diabetes (T2D). This study delves into the variation in glucose and regulatory pancreatic hormone levels subsequent to the consumption of meals with differing macronutrient compositions. Methods: The cohort comprised 20 individuals diagnosed with T2D and 21 without diabetes. Participants u

Accessible housing plays a crucial role in supporting aging in place, yet Japan lacks adequate tools for assessing housing accessibility among older adults. This study describes the process of translating and adapting the environmental component checklist of the Swedish Housing Enabler instrument for valid use in Japan. During translation to the Japanese language, technical terms and specification

Microplastics are pervasive throughout aquatic ecological communities. While their negative impacts on the life history traits of aquatic species are well studied, the effects on community dynamics remain elusive. Consequently, community-level assessments of microplastic effects on marine food webs are largely lacking, creating significant knowledge gaps regarding marine ecosystem structure and dy

In this study, a report is prepared on significantly low specific contact resistivity of alloyed and non-alloyed ohmic contacts fabricated on an as-grown n+-GaN layer and measured with the transfer length method. A low ρc = 8 × 10−8 Ω cm2 is extracted for the alloyed Ti/Al/Ni/Au, and ρc = 4 × 10−7 Ω cm2 for the unannealed Ti/Pd/Au. To achieve these, a highly doped n+-GaN layer with ND = 1.5 × 1019

Since time immemorial, humans have been trying to answer questions about many phenomena, especially those related to health, by creating numerous imaginary questions. One of these common questions relates to the existence of huge numbers of small organisms that live with humans, and whose number inside the human body is a thousand times greater than outside it. Today, many scientists consider all

PARP-family ADP-ribosyltransferases (PARPs) and sirtuin deacetylases all use NAD(+) as cosubstrate for ADP-ribosyl transfer. PARP inhibitors are important research tools and several are being evaluated in cancer treatment. With the exception of a few tankyrase inhibitors, all current PARP inhibitors mimic the nicotinamide moiety in NAD(+) and block the nicotinamide binding pocket. We report here t

Selective inhibitors could help unveil the mechanisms by which inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) elicits clinical benefits in cancer therapy. We profiled 10 clinical PARP inhibitors and commonly used research tools for their inhibition of multiple PARP enzymes. We also determined crystal structures of these compounds bound to PARP1 or PARP2. Veliparib and niraparib are selective i

Methods for the rapid and inexpensive discovery of hit compounds are essential for pharmaceutical research and DNA-encoded chemical libraries represent promising tools for this purpose. We here report on the design and synthesis of DAL-100K, a DNA-encoded chemical library containing 103 200 structurally compact compounds. Affinity screening experiments and DNA-sequencing analysis provided ligands

ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTD1/PARP1 is a target for cancer and ischemia drug development. Several other ARTD-family enzymes have been characterized in recent years, and it has become clear that their inhibition might also have therapeutic value. This minireview series summarizes current knowledge of pharmacological inhibition of ADP-ribosyltransferases by a compound class called PARP inhibitors and

ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD(+) onto substrates. Some ARTs generate in an iterative process ADP-ribose polymers that serve as adaptors for distinct protein domains. Other ARTs, exemplified by ARTD10, function as mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases, but it has been unclear whether this modification occurs in cells and how it is read. We observed that ARTD10 c