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Glands of the 4th and 5th abdominal sternite of the caddis flies Potamophylax latipennis, Potamophylax cingulatus, and Glyphotaelius pellucidus contain (S)-4-methyl-3-heptanone (4a), (4S,6S)-4,6-dimethyl-3-octanone (4b), and (4S,6S)-4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone (4c). As shown by gas chromatography coupled with electrophysiological recordings, these ketones elicit a strong response in the insects' anten

Characterization of a copA(-) mutant in the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus under low oxygen or anaerobic conditions, as well as in the human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae identified HemN as a copper toxicity target enzyme in the porphyrin synthesis pathway. Heme synthesis is, however, unaffected by copper under high oxygen tension because of the aerobic coproporphyrinogen

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are structurally heterogeneous negatively charged polysaccharides. Endothelial GAGs, also known as glycocalyx, are involved in capillary permeability. In rat venules stimulated with proinflammatory substances ex vivo, the GAG-containing proteoglycan, syndecan-1, is shed from the endothelium. We wanted to investigate if we could trace the same response during septic shock

Retinoic acid-inducible gene 1-like receptors (RLRs) are a novel family of pattern recognition receptors that include retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-1), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA-5), and laboratory of genomics and physiology 2 (LGP-2). The knowledge of RLRs and their function in the human airway is limited. This study explores the role of RLRs in the upper respiratory tr

Abstract Bradykinin is a potent mediator of inflammation that has been shown to participate in allergic airway inflammation. The biologic effects of bradykinin are mediated by binding and activating its cognate receptor, the B(2) receptor (B(2)R). In the lung fibroblast cell line IMR-90, binding of bradykinin to the B(2)R triggers down-regulation of the receptor surface expression, suggesting that

Multiple biopsies of normal breast tissue from 10 BRCA1 mutation carriers have been analyzed using array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Normal breast tissue from five age-matched control subjects without a family history of breast cancer was included for reference purposes. We repeatedly found multiple low copy number aberrations at a significantly higher frequency in histopathologically

The materials in plastic protective gloves are thought to cause less contact allergy than rubber gloves. Our aim was to estimate the frequency of delayed reactions to different types of reusable protective gloves among dermatitis patients. 2 x 2 cm pieces of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gloves, nitrile gloves, and natural rubber latex (NRL) gloves were tested as is in consecutive dermatitis patients t

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate adult patients' perceptions of endotracheal tube (ETT)-related discomfort at 5 days and 2 months after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: This prospective cohort study in 2 general ICUs included 250 intubated, mechanically ventilated adults admitted for more than 24 hours. Patients were interviewed 5 days and 2 months after disc

Targeted therapy with trastuzumab has proven to be effective for patients with gastric cancer overexpressing the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Further studies are needed to determine the best method for assessment of HER2 overexpression. Moreover, the prognostic value of HER2 overexpression, including the significance of tumour heterogeneity, remains unclear.

Although drug abuse (DA) is strongly familial, with important genetic influences, we need to know more about the role of rearing environment in the risk for DA. To address this question, we utilized a high-risk adopted and non-adopted co-sibling control design.

In some patients, graft-induced dyskinesia develops following intrastriatal transplantation of embryonic neural tissue for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The mechanisms underlying these involuntary movements need to be clarified before this approach to clinical cell therapy can be developed further. We previously found that rats with 6-OHDA lesions, primed with L-DOPA treatment and that hav

Improvement in motor function after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is achieved by appropriate rehabilitation. However, it has been questioned whether training after injury can lead to sensory improvement. We hypothesized that motor function can be restored after unilateral non-reconstructed ACL injury, whereas the sensory function cannot, i.e., there would be no difference in functional p

AIM: The BB rat model of type 1 diabetes exhibits altered body weight gain and body temperature regulation prior to hyperglycemia onset, implying the existence of as yet unidentified biomarkers of autoimmune processes that destroy pancreatic beta cells. To investigate this hypothesis, we compared the metabolic profile of diabetes-resistant DR.lyp/+ rats and their diabetes-prone, congenic DR.lyp/ly

OBJECTIVE: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a genetically complex autoimmune disease; the genetic component has not been fully defined. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a crucial role in immunity and fibrosis, both key aspects of SSc. We investigated the influence of IL6 gene in the susceptibility and phenotype expression of SSc. METHODS: We performed a large metaanalysis including a total of 2749 cases and

OBJECTIVE: Studies on patients not answering postal questionnaires are scarce. We assessed the demographics and longitudinal disease and treatment characteristics of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Swedish biologics register who replied and who did not reply to a postal questionnaire. METHODS: In the South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group register, we have detailed disease severity c

Many axons follow wave-like undulating courses. This is a general feature of extracranial nerve segments, but is also found in some intracranial nervous tissue. The importance of axonal undulation has previously been considered, for example, in the context of biomechanics, where it has been shown that posture affects undulation properties. However, the importance of axonal undulation in the contex

The mutation G17736A/Val107Val (silent) was found in five of a total of 86 families with haemophilia B in Sweden. It is unlikely that five families with analogous clinical expression will have the same polymorphism, which is not found in other patients or normal subjects, or that they will be the only families in the population without any other causative mutation. All affected individuals in the