Due to large equilibrium fluctuations of protons at physiological pH, the orthophosphate ion as well as the imidazole group on histidine substantially regulate their charge upon approaching charged interfaces. This implies that these-and comparable-ions function as electostatic "proximity switches" when interacting with lipid membranes, DNA, proteins, etc. Using straightforward statistical thermod

The article treats freemasonry as an integrated part of sociability among European military elites.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Introduktion: Validitet handlar enkelt uttryckt om överensstämmelse med sanningen eller exempelvis om ett instrument mäter det som är avsett. Validitet kan också ses som ett mer komplext begrepp, innefattande aspekter som nytta, relevans, värderingar och sociala konsekvenser. Validitet förutsätter reliabilitet som är ett mått på tillförlitlighet, noggrannhet eller reproAbstract Introduction: Validity is important at different levels in psychiatry. Valid structured instruments are important aids in screening and diagnostics, in both research and clinical practice. An aim of the diagnostic procedure is to yield valid diagnoses. Ultimately, the validity of structured instruments (non-empirical) and clinical diagnoses depends on the validity of the diagnostic class

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are probabilistic functions of finite Markov chains, or, put in other words, state space models with finite state space. In this paper, we examine subspace estimation methods for HMMs whose output lies a finite set as well. In particular, we study the geometric structure arising from the nonminimality of the linear state space representation of HMMs, and consistency of

Two methylcelluloses (MC) were investigated by partial hydrolysis followed by direct infusion electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Partial hydrolysis was achieved either enzymatically or by acid hydrolysis. Enzyme hydrolysis was performed using the endoglucanase Bacillus agaradhaerens Cel 5a. Three different hydrolysis buffer solutions were investigated in order to deter-mine which

The computation of the Capon and the amplitude and phase estimation (APES) filters can be very time consuming. The burden lies not only in the inversion of the sample covariance matrix, but also in the matrix multiplications. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for the computation of the above mentioned filters, using Cholesky factorization and fast Fourier transforms. Furthermore, we

Recurrent major depressive disorder with regular seasonal patterns, commonly known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD), has evoked substantial research in the last two decades. It is now recognised that SAD is a common condition with prevalence rates between 0.4% and 2.9% of the general population, and that patients with SAD experience significant morbidity and impairment in psychosocial function

The quark mixing matrix is parameterised such that its "Cabibbo substructure" is emphasised. One can choose one of the parameters to be an arbitrarily chosen angle of the unitarity triangle, for example, the angle beta (also called Phi(1)).

Functional data analysis is used to examine articulatory variability across repetitions in normal speech, under different movement constraints. A temporal normalization technique is applied to align trajectories of lips, jaw, and tongue in vowel-consonant-vowel sequences. Next, an index of amplitude variability is computed, defined as the mean standard deviation between peak velocities of the cons

Artikeln belyser hur traditionella troper inom negativ eller apofatisk teologi genljuder inom nutida postmodern filosofi.

The relative significance of weak non-covalent interactions in biological context has been much debated. Here, we have addressed the contribution of Coulombic interactions to protein stability and assembly experimentally. The sweet protein monellin, a non-covalently linked heterodimeric protein, was chosen for this study because of its ability to spontaneously reconstitute from separated fragments

Service screening with mammography was implemented in Sweden in the late 80's, following the results from trials in Sweden and abroad. A high rate of attendance, a high diagnostic accuracy and treatment in accordance with established guidelines are key circumstances for an effective screening programme. These factors have to be continuously monitored. One trial was carried out 1976-86 in the city

We have investigated the properties of cobalamin complexes with imidazolate using the density functional B3LYP method, In particular, we have compared imidazolate (Imm) with imidazole and 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB), and studied how constraints in the axial Co-N bond length may affect the strength of the Co-C bond. The results show that the optimum Co-N-Imm bond is similar to0.2 Angstrom short