Dendrimers are polymers with unique properties that make them promising in a variety of applications such as potential drug and gene delivery systems. PAMAM dendrimers, in particular, have been widely investigated and are efficiently translocated into the cell. The mechanism of translocation, however, is still unknown. Recently it was proposed that PAMAM dendrimers are able to open holes in lipid

The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is more than 1%omicron annually in the general population and increases further in cancer patients. The risk of VTE is higher in multiple myeloma (MM) patients who receive thalidomide or lenalidomide, especially in combination with dexamethasone or chemotherapy. Various VTE prophylaxis strategies, such as low-molecular-Weight heparin (LMWH), warfarin o

Background: Lectures supported by theatrical performance may enhance learning and be an attractive alternative to traditional lectures. This study describes our experience with using theatre in education for medical students since 2001. Methods: The volunteer students, coached by experienced students, were given a two-week preparation period to write and prepare different dramatized headache scena

Impaired insulin secretion is a major contributor to diabetes. Obesity is a known risk factor for the development of diabetes, and prolonged exposure of pancreatic islets to lipids results in impaired insulin secretion. Insulin is released from pancreatic beta-cells as a result of Ca2+-induced exocytosis. Recent experiments have shown that chronic palmitate exposure results in the loss of localise

Appropriately designing the proposal kernel of particle filters is an issue of significant importance, since a bad choice may lead to deterioration of the particle sample and, consequently, waste of computational power. In this paper we introduce a novel algorithm adaptively approximating the so-called optimal proposal kernel by a mixture of integrated curved exponential distributions with logisti

Purpose. To investigate if testicular cancer survivors (TCSs) have a higher incidence of work loss compared with the population, accounting for stage, treatment and relapse.Material and methods. A cohort of 2146 Swedish TCSs diagnosed 1995-2007 (seminoma n = 926, non-seminoma n = 1220) was identified in the SWENOTECA (Swedish-Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group) register, and matched 1:4 to populati

A measurement of dijet correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector is presented. Jets are reconstructed from charged particles measured in the central tracking detectors and neutral energy deposited in the electromagnetic calorimeter. The transverse momentum of the full jet (clustered from charged and neutral constituents) and charged jet (clustered from charge

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain tumor. In spite of surgical resection, combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy, the mean survival is less than 15 months following diagnosis. Using the established N29 and N32 animal models of glioma, shown to have many similarities with the human tumor, we are able to study and develop therapeutic strategies

Renewable energy sources of heat offer the substantial economic, environmental and social benefits associated with renewable electricity but policy to support their expansion is considerably less advanced. The potential for applying various support instruments to renewable heat is considered with advantages and disadvantages discussed. (c) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Sleep has a major impact on our wellbeing and how we perform.OSA has an estimated prevalence of 2 % in women and 4 % in male and is characterized by repetitive complete (apnoea) or partial (hypopnoea) cessation of breathing. I wondered how the patients managed sexuality and closeness when suffering from OSA and in particular how the Continuous Positive Airways Pressure (CPAP) treatment affected th

Much of the toxicity of Hb has been linked to its redox activity; Hb may generate reactive oxygen species, such as the superoxide anion. Superoxide is intrinsically toxic, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) provides important cellular protection. However, if the Hb molecule is located outside the red blood cell, the normal protection systems involving SOD and catalase are no longer closely associated

This work demonstrates that hydrogen can be reversibly stored in a composite of NaF and Al. NaF and Al reacts to a mixture of Na3AlF6 and NaAlH4 via hydridofluoride phases of the form Na3AlH6-xFx. The analysis of thermodynamics based on literature standard enthalpies of formation yields the technically favourable enthalpy of reaction of roughly 35 kJ/mol H-2 for a theoretical gravimetric hydrogen

The title compound, C(12)H(18)O(6), is in the usual chair conformation with the two ester functions in a 1,3-trans orientation. With a value of 1.439 (2) Å, the pseudo-axial C-O bond of the 1,3-dioxolane ring is slightly longer than the corresponding equatorial C-O bond of 1.424 (3) Å. The O-C-O angle of the dioxolane ring is 106.25 (17)°.

This article presents an analysis of a group of converts to Roman Catholicism, hitherto largely unknown in historical research, of Scandinavian origin received in the late 17th and early 18th centuries in Rome by Ospizio dei Convertendi. The article provides an overview of the converts and their motives, examining different factors which influenced the complex conversion process. It suggests that

The factors that drive partial migration in organisms are not fully understood. Roach (Rutilus rutilus), a freshwater fish, engage in partial migration where parts of populations switch between summer habitats in lakes and winter habitats in connected streams. To test if the partial migration trait is phenotypically plastic or has genetic components, we translocated roach from 2 populations with d

Endotoxemic liver injury is characterized by an initial release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines, which leads to a recruitment of leukocytes to the liver microvasculature. The mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment are well characterized and comprise on the one hand a mechanical trapping of leukocytes in sinusoids, and on the other hand a multi-step process of leukocyte-endothelial ce

LuCuGaO4 has magnetic Cu2+ and diamagnetic Ga3+ ions distributed on a triangular bilayer and is suggested to undergo a spin glass transition at T-g similar to 0.4 K. Using mu SR (muon spin rotation) and neutron scattering measurements, we show that at low temperature the spins form a short range correlated state with spin fluctuations detectable over a wide range of timescales: at 0.05 K magnetic

The discovery of the key role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in initiating innate immune responses and modulating adaptive immunity has revolutionized our understanding of vertebrate defence against pathogens. Yet, despite their central role in pathogen recognition and defence initiation, there is little information on how variation in TLRs influences disease susceptibility in natural populations.

Objective: Lack of sensory feedback is a drawback in today's hand prostheses. We present here a non-invasive simple sensory feedback system, which provides the user of a prosthetic hand with sensory feedback on the arm stump. It is mediated by air in a closed loop system connecting silicone pads on the prosthetic hand with pads on the amputation stump. The silicone pads in a "tactile display" on