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Immunological aspects of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.

IDDM occurs predominantly among individuals being class II antigen HLA-DR 3 and/or 4 positive, while NIDDM is not associated with HLA-D. Although the HLA-DR 3 or 4 specificities are prerequisites for IDDM to develop, their high frequencies (about 60%) in the background population preclude tissue typing as a predictive test, underlined by the observation that less than 50% of monozygotic twins are

Information Processing in the Nervous System. On a Holistic Functional Organization Principle.

This thesis is concerned with the nature of information processing in the nervous system. This issue has been investigated with animal experiments, using male Sprague–Dawley rats, and simulated touch generated by an artificial fingertip with neuromorphic tactile sensors. The processing of the tactile input from the artificial touch system has been analyzed in light of two opposing theories on info

ABO genotyping with next-generation sequencing to resolve heterogeneity in donors with serology discrepancies

BACKGROUND: ABO subtypes are characterized by the alteration of antigens present and their expression levels on red blood cells and many are linked to genetic changes in the ABO gene. Weakened expression of antigens should be identified to prevent transfusion reactions or ABO-incompatible transplantations. Genotyping can be applied to identify subtypes to complement serologic testing. Next-generat

From contamination to infective endocarditis—a population-based retrospective study of Corynebacterium isolated from blood cultures

Corynebacterium is a genus that can contaminate blood cultures and also cause severe infections like infective endocarditis (IE). Our purpose was to investigate microbiological and clinical features associated with contamination and true infection. A retrospective population-based study of Corynebacterium bacteremia 2012–2017 in southern Sweden was performed. Corynebacterium isolates were species

Extended-wavelength diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with a machine-learning method for in vivo tissue classification

OBJECTIVES: An extended-wavelength diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (EWDRS) technique was evaluated for its ability to differentiate between and classify different skin and tissue types in an in vivo pig model.MATERIALS AND METHODS: EWDRS recordings (450-1550 nm) were made on skin with different degrees of pigmentation as well as on the pig snout and tongue. The recordings were used to train a sup

Impact of effective polarisability models on the near-field interaction of dissolved greenhouse gases at ice and air interfaces

We present a theory for Casimir-Polder forces acting on greenhouse gas molecules dissolved in a thin water film. Such a nano-sized film has been predicted to arise on the surface of melting ice as stabilized by repulsive Lifshitz forces. We show that different models for the effective polarisability of greenhouse gas molecules in water lead to different predictions for how Casimir-Polder forces in

Identification of novel selective V2 receptor non-peptide agonists

Peptides with agonist activity at the vasopressin V2 receptor are used clinically to treat fluid homeostasis disorders such as polyuria and central diabetes insipidus. Of these peptides, the most commonly used is desmopressin, which displays poor bioavailability as well as potent activity at the V1b receptor, with possible stress-related adverse effects. Thus, there is a strong need for the develo

Microwave-assisted solvent-free parallel synthesis of thioamides

Rapid parallel synthesis of thioamides is described. A library of amides, synthesised by mixing acyl chlorides and diamines, was transformed into the corresponding thioamides utilising Lawesson's reagent as the oxygen/sulphur exchange reagent. Purification by solid-phase extraction afforded the library members in adequate purities and yields. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Discovery of potential antipsychotic agents possessing pro-cognitive properties

Current antipsychotic drug therapies for schizophrenia have limited efficacy and are notably ineffective at addressing the cognitive deficits associated with this disorder. The present study was designed to develop effective antipsychotic agents that would also ameliorate the cognitive deficits associated with this disease. In vitro studies comprised of binding and functional assays were utilized

Experimental and numerical assessment of structural behaviour of glass balustrade subjected to soft body impact

Glass is a commonly used material in modern architecture not only for building enclosures, but also for glazed barriers preventing building occupants from falling out of balconies and different levels inside buildings. The main purpose of the balustrades is to transfer the imposed loads to the main structure of the building. That includes static loads related to the crowd pressure (horizontal line

ETS and plastid sequence data indicate a spontaneous origin of Scandinavian betony, Betonica officinalis L.

Background and aims: Betony (Betonica officinalis L.) is one of the rarest and mostspectacular plants in the Scandinavian flora. A long-term question has been whether it is spontaneous or introduced, or whether it comprises both spontaneous and introduced populations. This study aimed to answer this question by analyzing sequence data from the nuclear external transcribed spacer (ETS) region and t

Bacterial antibody hydrolyzing enzymes – as bacterial virulence factors and biotechnological tools

Antibodies are an essential part of the human immune system, and antibody mediated immunity has been an area of interest for many researchers for almost a century. An accumulation of knowledge regarding antibody structure, glycosylation and receptor interactions has contributed to the current understanding of antibody mediated immunity. It has more recently become evident how bacteria and other mi

Overview and status of diagnostics for the ESS project

The European Spallation Source, now under construction in Lund, Sweden, aims to be the world's most powerful pulsed neutron scattering facility. Driving the neutron source is a 5 MW superconducting proton linear accelerator operating at 4 percent beam duty factor and 14 Hz repetition rate. Nineteen partner institutions from across Europe are working with the Accelerator Division in Lund to design

Hypophysiotrophic systems in the brain of the Atlantic salmon. Neuronal innervation of the pituitary and the origin of pituitary dopamine and nonapeptides identified by means of combined carbocyanine tract tracing and immunocytochemistry

The neuroanatomical organization of neurons projecting to the pituitary and the origin of pituitary dopamine and nonapeptides were investigated in the brain of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Carbocyanine tract tracing in combination with tyrosine hydroxylase, arginine vasotocin and isotocin immunocytochemistry for double labelling revealed a previously unknown organization of hypophysiotrophic

Distribution of noradrenaline in the brain of the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus L. : An immunohistochemical analysis

The distribution of noradrenergic neurons in the brain of the threespined stickleback was demonstrated with the indirect peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method with antibodies against a noradrenaline‐bovine serum albumin conjugate. Noradrenergic neuronal somata were exclusively located in the isthmal area of the brain stem and in the lower medulla. Noradrenergic varicose axons

Subcellular localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the brain of a teleost; an immunoelectron and confocal microscopical study

The subcellular localization of neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)-immunoreactive (NOSir) elements in the brain of the Atlantic salmon was investigated by means of electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. NOSir structures are present only in neuronal elements. In neuronal processes, strong NOS immunoreactivity was mainly localized within synaptic vesicles or seen as a den

Central neural connections of the pineal organ and retina in the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus L.

The relations of the central neural connections of the pineal organ to those of the retinae of the lateral eyes were investigated in the three‐spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Teleostei), by anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP was applied to the crushed pineal stalk and/or injected into the left or the right eye. Both pineal and retinal efferents