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Doses to head and neck normal tissues for early stage Hodgkin lymphoma after involved node radiotherapy

Purpose To evaluate dose plans for head and neck organs at risk (OARs) for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients using involved node radiotherapy (INRT) delivered as 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and intensity modulated proton therapy (PT), in comparison to the past mantle field (MF). Materials and methods Data from 37 patients with cervical lymph n

Hippocampal sparing radiotherapy for pediatric medulloblastoma : Impact of treatment margins and treatment technique

Background. We investigated how varying the treatment margin and applying hippocampal sparing and proton therapy impact the risk of neurocognitive impairment in pediatric medulloblastoma patients compared with current standard 3D conformal radiotherapy. Methods. We included 17 pediatric medulloblastoma patients to represent the variability in tumor location relative to the hippocampal region. Trea

Optimizing the radiation therapy dose prescription for pediatric medulloblastoma : Minimizing the life years lost attributable to failure to control the disease and late complication risk

Background. A mathematical framework is presented for simultaneously quantifying and evaluating the trade-off between tumor control and late complications for risk-based radiation therapy (RT) decision-support. To demonstrate this, we estimate life years lost (LYL) attributable to tumor recurrence, late cardiac toxicity and secondary cancers for standard-risk pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) patient

Modeling positioning uncertainties of prostate cancer external beam radiation therapy using pre-treatment data

Purpose To investigate the influence of treatment plan data and image guidance (IG) on positioning uncertainty during prostate cancer (PCa) radiotherapy (RT). Methods Body mass index (BMI), planning target volume (PTV), bladder volume (BV), and rectal cross section area (RCS) were collected for 267 consecutive PCa patients undergoing daily IGRT. Radiographic isocenter corrections to intra-prostati

Improvement in toxicity in high risk prostate cancer patients treated with image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy compared to 3D conformal radiotherapy without daily image guidance

Background: Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) facilitates the delivery of a very precise radiation dose. In this study we compare the toxicity and biochemical progression-free survival between patients treated with daily image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) and 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) without daily image guidance for high risk prostate cancer (PCa).Methods: A total of 5

Impact of dose to the bladder trigone on long-term urinary function after high-dose intensity modulated radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer

Purpose To determine the potential association between genitourinary (GU) toxicity and planning dose-volume parameters for GU pelvic structures after high-dose intensity modulated radiation therapy in localized prostate cancer patients. Methods and Materials A total of 268 patients who underwent intensity modulated radiation therapy to a prescribed dose of 86.4 Gy in 48 fractions during June 2004-

The impact of leaf width and plan complexity on DMLC tracking of prostate intensity modulated arc therapy

Purpose: Intensity modulated arc therapy (IMAT) is commonly used to treat prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of leaf width and plan complexity on dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC) tracking for prostate motion management during IMAT treatments. Methods: Prostate IMAT plans were delivered with either a high-definition MLC (HDMLC) or a Millennium MLC (M-MLC) (0.25

Perceived barriers and facilitators to health behaviors in European childhood cancer survivors : A qualitative PanCareFollowUp study

Background: Healthy behaviors, that is, engaging in regular physical activities, maintaining a healthy diet, limiting alcohol consumption, and avoiding tobacco and drug use, decrease the risk of developing late adverse health conditions in childhood cancer survivors. However, childhood cancer survivors may experience barriers to adopting and maintaining healthy behaviors. This study aimed to asses

Nostalgia and tourism

For most of the past 300 years, the concept of nostalgia has been regarded as a medical condition. However, since the 1980s, it has become heavily associated with the ‘heritage industry’ and the creation of consumer experiences, especially in a tourism and leisure context. This special issue on nostalgia and tourism aims to encourage and advance the scholarly conversation about the relationship be

Assessing the use of clinical guidelines against domestic violence in southern Sweden : A mixed-methods study

Background and Aim: Domestic violence is a prevalent public health issue. While clinical guidelines and care programs for its identification and handling have been formulated in all administrative regions of Sweden, their degree of implementation is largely unknown. This study aims to assess the implementation of one administrative region's care program, including how it is seen to align with and

Investigating the overlap and predictive validity between Criterion A and B in the alternative model for personality disorders in DSM-5

The Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) consists of level of personality functioning (Criterion A) and maladaptive personality traits (Criterion B). The brief scale versions of these are understudied, while often being used by clinicians and researchers. In this study, we wanted to investigate the overlap and predictive validity of Criterion A and B. Participants (N = 253) wer

Clonal evolution and stereotyped sequences of human IgE lineages in aeroallergen-specific immunotherapy

Background: Allergic disease reflects specific inflammatory processes initiated by interaction between allergen and allergen-specific IgE. Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is an effective long-term treatment option, but the mechanisms by which SIT provides desensitization are not well understood. Objective: Our aim was to characterize IgE sequences expressed by allergen-specific B cells over a 3-year

A new animal product free defined medium for 2D and 3D culturing of normal and cancer cells to study cell proliferation and migration as well as dose response to chemical treatment

Cell culturing methods are increasingly used to reduce and replace the use of live animals in biomedical research and chemical toxicity testing. Although live animals are avoided when using cell culturing methods, they often contain animal-derived components of which one of the most commonly used is foetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS is added to cell culture media among other supplements to support ce

Requirements Engineering for Automotive Perception Systems : An Interview Study

Background: Driving automation systems (DAS), including autonomous driving and advanced driver assistance, are an important safety-critical domain. DAS often incorporate perceptions systems that use machine learning (ML) to analyze the vehicle environment. Aims: We explore new or differing requirements engineering (RE) topics and challenges that practitioners experience in this domain. Method: We

Strength Properties of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

Knowledge of the strength of wood and wood-based materials is an important basis for the calculation and dimensioning of wooden products. This chapter describes the basics of the strength properties, test methods, important influencing parameters (e.g., moisture content, load direction, type of load, duration of load, speed of loading). Phenomenological aspects of failure on various structural lev

Uptake and effectiveness of newer biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in psoriatic arthritis : results from five Nordic biologics registries

Background We aimed to describe the uptake of newer biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the Nordic countries and to compare their retention and effectiveness. Methods Patients with PsA starting a b/tsDMARD in 2012-2020 in five Nordic rheumatology registers were included. Uptake and patient characteristics were described,

Free Radical Polymerization of Dimethyl Amino Ethyl Methacrylate Initiated by Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Macroazo Initiator : Thermal and Physicochemical Characterization

A novel macro intermediate based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) was synthesized for use in the copolymerization with dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). Methyl amino ethanol was reacted with PHBHHx to prepare a dihydroxy terminated polyester. The hydroxyl ends of the obtained PHBHHx derivatives were capped with 4,4’-azobis cyanopentanoic acid to obtain the PHBHHx

“You get stuck in it” : Young people's accounts of attempting to quit non-medical tramadol use

Aim: Non-medical use of tramadol and other prescription opioid use has become a great concern in many countries, including Sweden. This study examines key components in young people's accounts of attempting to quit drugs, focusing on non-medical use of tramadol. Methods: Repeated qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 individuals aged 19–24 years with experiences of problems related to non-