This thesis aims to look at the dispute resolution mechanisms in the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) and how these contribute to the legal certainty of European Union law and the prevention of fragmentation of EU harmonisation. Brexit presented unprecedented challenges to the European Union’s (EU) legal order and brought significant questions to the upholding of legal certainty and har

This thesis investigates the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) as a novel intersection between climate regulation and international trade law. It explores the extent to which CBAM serves as a legitimate environmental measure under EU and World Trade Organization (WTO) legal frameworks or whether it risks functioning as a de facto instrument of protectionism. This is partic

The rise of digital services has reshaped the EU internal digital market and revealed significant shortcomings in EU competition law. In response, the EU introduced the Digital Markets Act (DMA), an ex-ante sector-specific legislative approach to address these issues. The DMA’s aim is to complement traditional competition law by addressing fairness and contestability within the internal market thr

This study focuses on the parenting challenges faced by second-generation Iraqi mothers while raising their adolescents in Sweden. It aims to explore how these mothers deal with parenting challenges, particularly the cultural dissonance between their Iraqi cultural heritage and Swedish parenting norms, while attempting to adapt to Swedish societal culture. This is a central issue in these mothers&

This paper compares and analyzes the government support mechanisms between China and the European Union in the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry. Research has found that China adopts a government led industrial policy, promoting rapid industrial development through fiscal subsidies, tax incentives, and administrative guidance; The EU, on the other hand, takes law as its core and supports the green

At its origins, traceable back to about 50 years ago, the German “Energiewende” began as a fight against both nuclear energy, politicians pursuing nuclear-based energy strategies and also implementing them forcefully, as well as omnipotent enterprises.(1) After the Fukoshima tragedy in 2011, and the subsequent plans of Germany to abandon nuclear energy within its own borders, the term “Energiewend

Vi människor har ej nyttjat de naturresurser som vår planet har försett oss med på ett ansvarsfullt sätt. Just nu producerar och konsumerar vi i en takt som vår planet inte klarar av. För att bryta detta mönster krävs en omställning. För produktutvecklare innebär detta ett ansvar att utveckla hållbara produkter. En utmaning som kan lösas genom att designa produkter i miljövänliga material som kan In this thesis, initiated by Axis Communications, the material choice of a folded horn loudspeaker was investigated. The main goal of the project was to determine if it was possible to reduce the costs and environmental impact of the product by means of optimizing the material, while maintaining or improving its performance. The three main parameters which were analyzed were the acoustic performan

I 12 kap. 1 § RF stadgas att de statliga förvaltningsmyndigheterna som utgångspunkt lyder under regeringen. Regeringens styrning begränsas samtidigt av att regeringen enligt 12 kap. 2 § RF inte får bestämma hur en förvaltningsmyndighet i ett särskilt fall ska besluta i ett ärende som rör myndighetsutövning mot en enskild eller mot en kommun eller som rör tillämpningen av lag. Hur stort utrymme förChapter 12 Art. 1 of the Instrument of Government (IoG) stipulates that central government administrative authorities, in general, come under the Government. At the same time, the Government’s governance is limited by Ch. 12 Art. 2 of the IoG according to which the Government may not determine how an administrative authority shall decide in a particular case relating to the exercise of public auth

Reservdelars tillgänglighet är en central fråga i EU:s arbete för en cirkulär ekonomi och hållbar konsumtion. Genom den s.k. designreformen, bestående av förordning (EU) 2024/2822 och direktiv (EU) 2024/2823, införs ett harmoniserat reparationsundantag för formberoende reservdelar. Undantaget syftar till att harmonisera mönsterskyddet för reservdelar inom EU, och att liberalisera eftermarknaden föThe availability of spare parts is a central issue in the EU’s efforts to promote a circular economy and sustainable consumption. Through the so-called Design Reform, consisting of Regulation (EU) 2024/2822 and Directive (EU) 2024/282, a harmonised repair clause for component parts whose appearance determines the design is introduced. The purpose of the clause is to harmonise design protection for

The European Union’s sustainability reporting framework, which includes the CSRD and the CSDDD, is widely regarded as a logical progression toward achieving the 2050 climate goals. The EU has faced criticism regarding the sustainability reporting directives, primarily due to concerns over the EU’s global competitiveness and the readiness of undertakings to comply. Consequently, there have been inc

Tackling biodiversity loss requires not only scaling up financial resources but also improving the governance of how such resources are mobilized, allocated, and accounted for. This paper reviews recent peer-reviewed literature (2019–2023) on biodiversity finance governance, focusing on three interrelated themes: financial instruments and mechanisms, governance structures, and critical and normati

Det råder stor osäkerhet angående bestämningen av den ersättning som bör utgå för det som kallas miljö- eller företagsskada. Miljö- och företagsskada har sin grund i olika lagstiftningar, 32 kap. MB respektive 2 § 4 kap. ExL, men avser i praktiken samma faktiska skada. Vid bestämning av den ersättning som bör utgå används samma modeller och praxis för att bedöma skadan. Den modell som idag har stöRoads can cause surrounding property units’ disturbances that negatively affect the property values. The disturbances are created by the activity on the road and typically include increased noise, impairment of the view, vibration, dust and light pollution. Under certain circumstances the property owner is entitled to compensation for the damages, which should be commensurate with the decrease in

Hur kan man bäst bestämma varifrån en bild är tagen? Den frågan har blivit mer relevant de senaste åren när krig och konflikter kommit närmare inpå. GPS-jamming är vanligt förekommande inom teknologisk krigföring, vilket gör våra nuvarande positioneringssystem opålitliga. Inom autonoma fordon är frågan högst relevant för att möjliggöra säker navigering i en föränderlig miljö. Även populärkulturellIn this thesis project we present a 2D-3D matching method leveraging fused local and global descriptors for robust camera pose estimation. The query image is localized by incorporating a covisibility search method to identify multiple candidate parts of the scene where the query camera is likely to be located. The localization begins with a search that looks through database images, collect associ

The topic of this study is the phosphorylation dependent interaction between aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and the FERM domain of ezrin. AQP2 is an important water channel for finetuning the water content of the urine based on the needs of the body. The main way of regulating how much water is reabsorbed is by regulating the amount of AQP2 present in the apical membrane. This regulation is controlled throug

Plastic waste represents a major environmental challenge, with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) being one of the most widely used and recalcitrant polymers. Biodegradation offers a promising, mild alternative to conventional disposal and recycling methods. This study aimed to characterize extracellular hydrolases potentially involved in PET degradation, integrating both experimental and computatio

I detta kandidatarbete stod en fråga i fokus: vilken roll spelar kvantsammanflätning i en kvantmekanisk Otto-motor? För den allmänna läsaren kan denna fråga låta ganska obegriplig: Vad är kvantsammanflätning? Vad är en kvantmekanisk Otto-motor? Och kanske allra viktigast –- varför är detta överhuvudtaget intressant att utforska? Syftet med denna sammanfattning är att försöka besvara dessa frågor, An emerging research topic in quantum thermodynamics is the study of entangled quantum heat engines, where the working medium consists of an entangled quantum system. These engines offer exciting platforms for exploring fundamental aspects of quantum thermodynamics, its intersection with quantum information theory and the nature of entanglement in general. In this bachelor’s thesis, the performanc

As traditional probiotic bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are sensitive to industrial processes, more robust spore forming bacteria has gained attention to be used as probiotics. The present project involves scaling up the production of Heyndrickxia sp. with the aim to achieve high yield and purity at each stage of the process. At the end, the harvested cells were fre

This study investigated the effects of induced oxidative stress and inflammation on intestinal mucosal barrier function with specific objective to investigate counteracting potential of the proteolytic enzymes such as bromelain and papain using reconstructed human small intestinal 3D tissue model (SMI-100). Four physiological conditions were modeled: healthy conditions (intact, n=12), inflamed (IL