The year 2007 was an extraordinary year for the US Patent System. In a response to far reaching proposals for significant changes in substantive and procedural patent law the House of Representatives adopted the Patent Reform Act in September and the debates were heating up again. Moreover, the U.S. Supreme Court turned its attention to patent issues delivering three major patent judgments and gra

Over the past few years, we have witnessed a growing popularity of new wireless architectures such as 3G, Wi-Fi and Wi-Max due to the increase in demand for wireless Internet access. The all-IP based future mobile and wireless network model is expected to be the most dominant architecture for QoS provisioning in next-generation wireless networks, mainly due to its scalability and capability of int

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In the debate on how to make democracy strong against terrorism, it has been suggested that the Western democracies need new protective measures. This paper argues that, far from protecting democracy, such measures may in fact undermine the very values and virtues that make democracy possible. Information freedom, the right to due process and the protection of privacy are all fundamental for the

This paper presents the results of a pilot study prepared for a larger research project entitled ‘Media practices in contemporary feminist movements in and across Europe’ which examines how feminist groups and networks in Northern Europe (Sweden, Denmark) and Southern Europe (Spain and Portugal) are engaging online media in their struggle for gender equality and transformative social change. As

In this paper water and salt mass balances for the Dead Sea were modeled. Precipitation, evaporation, river discharges, ground water flows, input/output from potash companies and salt production, and brine discharge were included in the models. The mixing time in the Dead Sea was modeled using a single-layer (well-mixed) a two-layer (stratified) system. Using the single-layer approach the water le

When Stockholms Enskilda Bank hired two women in 1864, it waspresumably the first bank in the world to do so. The fashion ofhiring women gradually spread, and bank telling became femaledominated.We describe and analyze this process, identifying threeperiods in the feminization of the Swedish commercial banksector. Economic, institutional, technological, and cultural factorswere all instrumental in

In the Swedish context teaching at primary and secondary school is combined with collaborative exercises in a variety of subjects. These collaborative moments can be in the form of mini projects that groups of students are supposed to present to the classmates when fulfilled. A collaborative moment may also be an exercise that the students solve together. The main idea is thus that the students le

There is growing evidence that addressees in interaction integrate the semantic information conveyed by speakers’ gestures. Little is known, however, about whether and how addressees’ attention to gestures and the integration of gestural information can be modulated. This study examines the influence of a social factor (speakers’ gaze to their own gestures), and two physical factors (the gesture’s