Introduction Night nurses carry overall nursing responsibility for approximately half the time that patients spend in hospital. However, there is a paucity of literature that focuses on nursing care provided at night. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate nursing care provided at night from the perspective of both nurses and patients. Methods The study, which had an evaluative and a comparativ

A parasite's shift to a new host may have serious evolutionary consequences, since host switching usually is associated with a change in virulence and may lead to the evolution of emerging diseases. This phenomenon remains insufficiently studied in wildlife. Here, we combine microscopic examination of blood films and PCR-based methods to investigate the natural host specificity of Haemoproteus and

BACKGROUND. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a prostate carcinoma screening program in which serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were measured. METHODS. From a group of 20,000 men born between January 1, 1930, and December 31, 1944, 10,000 men were randomized into a screening group and 10,000 were randomized into a control group. Patients in the screen

One of the most effective catalysts for the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid (AA) and ammoxidation to acrylonitrile (AN) is the MoV(Nb,Ta)(Te,Sb)O system, comprised of two phases, with M1 the major catalyst and M2 the co-catalyst in symbiosis with M1, converting intermediately formed propylene to the respective desired end products. An improvement in either phase should enhance the o

25 children (18 boys and 7 girls) were treated for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) during 1982-1990. The age at diagnosis was 2-15 years. Five of the 25 children died. Of the 25 children 6 patients had the diagnosis of intraabdominal NHL. The presenting abdominal symptoms for these 6 patients were abdominal pain in 4 cases, nausea 3, abdominal distention 2, icterus 1 and diarrhoea 1. Four of the 6 p

Chlorhexidine 2 g/l was applied to the vagina of 96 women during delivery, whereas 28 served as controls. Both groups were given a shower using a chlorhexidine soap, and outer washing of the outer anogenital tract was also performed in all patients using chlorhexidine 2 g/l. Using a gas chromatographic method with a detection limit of 10 ng chlorhexidine per ml blood, 10-83 ng/ml was demonstrated

The effect of heparin and a low molecular weight heparin fragment (LMWH, mean molecular weight 4000-6000) on plasma anticoagulation and lipolysis was studied in eight healthy men. The activities of antifactor Xa (antiFXa), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL) and plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFA) were analysed after the injection of 5000 antiFXa units of heparin or LMWH subcutaneous

Numerous theories have been developed describing the drop break-up in a high-pressure homogenizer (HPH), but they are generally based on quite rudimentary descriptions of the flow fields. As the flow in a real HPH is very extreme, with gaps of 10–100 μm and velocities of hundreds of m/s, it is practically impossible to measure the velocity fields. In this study, a scale model of an HPH made of acr

Quaternary glacial stratigraphy and relative sea-level changes reveal at least two glacial expansions over the Chelyuskin Peninsula, bordering the Kara Sea at about 77°N in the Russian Arctic, as indicated from tills interbedded with marine sediments, exposed in stratigraphic superposition, and from raised beach sequences mapped to altitudes of at least up to ca. 80 m a.s.l. Chronological control

OBJECTIVE: To study the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS), fulfilling the 1993 European classification criteria compared with three different control groups. METHODS: Serological tests investigating the presence of antibodies against H. pylori were performed by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) and confirmed by immunoblot (IB). The

An east-west gradient in cardiovascular mortality has been reported from the region of mid-Sweden. Postal questionnaire studies found that the risk factor distributions among middle-aged men were similar in areas with striking differences in cardiovascular mortality. In this study, 120 randomly selected 50-year-old men in two high mortality communities in the west and 120 men from two low mortalit

The aim of this paper is to highlight a potentially very fruitful link between micro-entrepreneurs and international capital markets. It discusses the role structured finance and credit derivatives could play in extending finance to micro-entrepreneurs on a much larger scale than today's mainly non-commercial microfinance industry. The mechanisms of so-called collateralized debt obligations (CDOs)

Aim: This study aimed to investigate levels of Homocysteine (tHcy) and folate in a population-based sample of patients with type 2 diabetes. In particular, the study explored modifiable determinants such as treatment for diabetes, life style, glucose control and kidney function. Patients and methods: In a community-based surveillance of patients with type 2 diabetes, 196 men and 191 women were con

The partitioning of P among major chemical forms was studied in 110 non-fertilized, semi-natural grassland soils of southeastern Sweden, comprising a wide range of soil acidity and other chemical properties. The P fractions bound to Ca and Fe were closely related to soil acidity, expressed as pH-KCl, especially when calculated as % of the total pool of mineral P. The relationship was inversely lin

PI-PLCs synthesise the calcium releasing second messenger IP3. We investigated the expression patterns of the Arabidopsis PI-PLC gene family and measured in vitro activity of encoded enzymes. Gene specific RT-PCR and promoter-GUS fusions were used to analyse AtPLC gene expression patterns. The five available AtPLC cDNAs were expressed as fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. All members of the AtPL

The rise in the average temperature of earth has been described as global warming which is mainly attributed to the increasing phenomenon of the greenhouse effect. It is believed that global warming can have several harmful effects on human health, both directly and indirectly. Since malaria is greatly influenced by climatic conditions because of its direct relationship with the mosquito populatio

In policy debates about reducing environmental and social harms, political consumerism is often called for by actors from a broad political spectrum. This paper examines traits of deliberative democracy in cases where instruments of political consumerism (eco-labelling, certificates and standards) are developed. The empirical cases are processes surrounding eco-labelled, standardised forestry, foo

No difference in attraction was observed in sibling Artic charr Salvelinus alpinus between water scented by dominant or subordinate major histocompability complex (MHC) identical fish observed in a two-choice fluviarium. In a second experiment, MHC identical sibling donors were given different types of food pellets before the preference test. The test fish showed a significant attraction to the si